Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure
Human exposure to mycotoxins is a global concern since several mycotoxins, such as enniatins and aflatoxins, have shown carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, and the toxicologic mechanisms of most of them still need to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the metabolic pathways affected by my...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| author | Nuria Dasí-Navarro Sonia Lombardi Pilar Vila-Donat Sabrina Llop Jesus Vioque Raquel Soler-Blasco Ana Esplugues Lara Manyes Manuel Lozano |
| author_facet | Nuria Dasí-Navarro Sonia Lombardi Pilar Vila-Donat Sabrina Llop Jesus Vioque Raquel Soler-Blasco Ana Esplugues Lara Manyes Manuel Lozano |
| author_sort | Nuria Dasí-Navarro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human exposure to mycotoxins is a global concern since several mycotoxins, such as enniatins and aflatoxins, have shown carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, and the toxicologic mechanisms of most of them still need to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the metabolic pathways affected by mycotoxin exposure by evaluating metabolite alterations in urine. The participants were 540 women from the Spanish Childhood and Environment Project (INMA). For metabolite identification, a dilute and shoot extraction, followed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS identification analysis, was performed. Data were processed using Agilent Mass Hunter Workstation with the METLIN database, Agilent Mass Profiler Professional 10.0, and Metaboanalyst 6.0. Over 2000 metabolites were obtained in each sample after feature extraction, and the most significant metabolites (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥ 2.0) were considered for pathway analysis. Enrichment analysis and topology showed that the most significantly affected pathway was the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (adjusted <i>p</i>-value = 0.007), with four metabolomic hits associated: linoleic acid, octadecanoic acid/stearic acid, an arachidonic acid metabolite, and (9Z)-octadecenoic acid/oleic acid. Other related pathways (unadjusted <i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.1) included fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism. The present study highlights the importance of metabolomics in increasing knowledge of the toxicity mechanisms and health effects of mycotoxins, especially emerging ones. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj-art-b63af92c7bdd431899ace5f831f2b39b2025-08-20T02:04:05ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512025-02-011727510.3390/toxins17020075Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin ExposureNuria Dasí-Navarro0Sonia Lombardi1Pilar Vila-Donat2Sabrina Llop3Jesus Vioque4Raquel Soler-Blasco5Ana Esplugues6Lara Manyes7Manuel Lozano8Biotech Agrifood, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, SpainDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, ItalyBiotech Agrifood, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, SpainEpidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO—Universitat Jaume I—Universitat de València, 46020 València, SpainSpanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, SpainEpidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO—Universitat Jaume I—Universitat de València, 46020 València, SpainEpidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO—Universitat Jaume I—Universitat de València, 46020 València, SpainBiotech Agrifood, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, SpainBiotech Agrifood, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, SpainHuman exposure to mycotoxins is a global concern since several mycotoxins, such as enniatins and aflatoxins, have shown carcinogenic and neurotoxic effects, and the toxicologic mechanisms of most of them still need to be clarified. This study aims to investigate the metabolic pathways affected by mycotoxin exposure by evaluating metabolite alterations in urine. The participants were 540 women from the Spanish Childhood and Environment Project (INMA). For metabolite identification, a dilute and shoot extraction, followed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS identification analysis, was performed. Data were processed using Agilent Mass Hunter Workstation with the METLIN database, Agilent Mass Profiler Professional 10.0, and Metaboanalyst 6.0. Over 2000 metabolites were obtained in each sample after feature extraction, and the most significant metabolites (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.05, fold change ≥ 2.0) were considered for pathway analysis. Enrichment analysis and topology showed that the most significantly affected pathway was the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids (adjusted <i>p</i>-value = 0.007), with four metabolomic hits associated: linoleic acid, octadecanoic acid/stearic acid, an arachidonic acid metabolite, and (9Z)-octadecenoic acid/oleic acid. Other related pathways (unadjusted <i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.1) included fatty acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism. The present study highlights the importance of metabolomics in increasing knowledge of the toxicity mechanisms and health effects of mycotoxins, especially emerging ones.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/2/75biomonitoringmycotoxinsmetabolomicsurineHPLC-Q-TOF-MS |
| spellingShingle | Nuria Dasí-Navarro Sonia Lombardi Pilar Vila-Donat Sabrina Llop Jesus Vioque Raquel Soler-Blasco Ana Esplugues Lara Manyes Manuel Lozano Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure Toxins biomonitoring mycotoxins metabolomics urine HPLC-Q-TOF-MS |
| title | Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure |
| title_full | Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure |
| title_fullStr | Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure |
| title_short | Metabolomic Profiling of Human Urine Related to Mycotoxin Exposure |
| title_sort | metabolomic profiling of human urine related to mycotoxin exposure |
| topic | biomonitoring mycotoxins metabolomics urine HPLC-Q-TOF-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/2/75 |
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