Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences

Nowadays, fungal contamination of medical Cannabis inflorescences during postharvest has become an increasingly frequent and worrisome problem for consumers and the industry in general. This is because some of these microorganisms can produce secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which can be t...

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Main Authors: Emily Aguirre-Ortega, Mónica J. Henao-López, Jolián A. Vargas-Alzate, Katherin Castro-Ríos, Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo 2024-03-01
Series:Scientia Agropecuaria
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Online Access:https://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/scientiaagrop/article/view/5364
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author Emily Aguirre-Ortega
Mónica J. Henao-López
Jolián A. Vargas-Alzate
Katherin Castro-Ríos
Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada
author_facet Emily Aguirre-Ortega
Mónica J. Henao-López
Jolián A. Vargas-Alzate
Katherin Castro-Ríos
Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada
author_sort Emily Aguirre-Ortega
collection DOAJ
description Nowadays, fungal contamination of medical Cannabis inflorescences during postharvest has become an increasingly frequent and worrisome problem for consumers and the industry in general. This is because some of these microorganisms can produce secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which can be toxic to humans. To assess the risk posed by fungal contamination and evaluate the potential for fungal isolates to produce mycotoxins, samples of medicinal Cannabis were tested for the presence of mycotoxin-forming fungi. Inflorescences were isolated on PDA agar at 23 ± 2 °C for ten days, and the microorganisms were identified. The strain with morphological characteristics compatible with the genus Aspergillus spp. was selected as the fungus with the highest risk of forming hazardous mycotoxins. This isolate was characterized conventionally and by molecular identification using primers for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and different coding genes and was identified as Aspergillus westerdijkiae. To determine mycotoxin formation, the genome of A. westerdijkiae was sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq platform in South Korea. The antiSMASH tool was used to search for gene clusters associated with producing secondary metabolites, and genes related to toxins were manually curated. Regions where the cluster of genes directly involved in OTA biosynthesis (otaA, otaB, otaC, otaR and otaD) were found, suggesting a potential risk of synthesis of this toxin.
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spelling doaj-art-b6311b5eaee647ffa40a137be5e2ec3f2025-08-20T01:52:39ZengUniversidad Nacional de TrujilloScientia Agropecuaria2077-99172306-67412024-03-011514554https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.004Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescencesEmily Aguirre-Ortega0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-209XMónica J. Henao-López1https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0708-8234Jolián A. Vargas-Alzate2https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7657-4092Katherin Castro-Ríos3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-1696Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3802-1125Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.Cubikan Group, Colombia.Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.Universidad Católica de Manizales, Manizales, Colombia.Nowadays, fungal contamination of medical Cannabis inflorescences during postharvest has become an increasingly frequent and worrisome problem for consumers and the industry in general. This is because some of these microorganisms can produce secondary metabolites, such as mycotoxins, which can be toxic to humans. To assess the risk posed by fungal contamination and evaluate the potential for fungal isolates to produce mycotoxins, samples of medicinal Cannabis were tested for the presence of mycotoxin-forming fungi. Inflorescences were isolated on PDA agar at 23 ± 2 °C for ten days, and the microorganisms were identified. The strain with morphological characteristics compatible with the genus Aspergillus spp. was selected as the fungus with the highest risk of forming hazardous mycotoxins. This isolate was characterized conventionally and by molecular identification using primers for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal DNA and different coding genes and was identified as Aspergillus westerdijkiae. To determine mycotoxin formation, the genome of A. westerdijkiae was sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq platform in South Korea. The antiSMASH tool was used to search for gene clusters associated with producing secondary metabolites, and genes related to toxins were manually curated. Regions where the cluster of genes directly involved in OTA biosynthesis (otaA, otaB, otaC, otaR and otaD) were found, suggesting a potential risk of synthesis of this toxin.https://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/scientiaagrop/article/view/5364biosynthesisrisk analysiscannabis sativafungal contaminationgenesmycotoxins
spellingShingle Emily Aguirre-Ortega
Mónica J. Henao-López
Jolián A. Vargas-Alzate
Katherin Castro-Ríos
Claudia N. Montoya-Estrada
Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences
Scientia Agropecuaria
biosynthesis
risk analysis
cannabis sativa
fungal contamination
genes
mycotoxins
title Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences
title_full Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences
title_fullStr Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences
title_short Identification of Aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of Ochratoxin A synthesis in Cannabis inflorescences
title_sort identification of aspergillus westerdijkiae and its potential risk of ochratoxin a synthesis in cannabis inflorescences
topic biosynthesis
risk analysis
cannabis sativa
fungal contamination
genes
mycotoxins
url https://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/scientiaagrop/article/view/5364
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