Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties
Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advanta...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Boris Krichevtsov Alexander Korovin Vladimir Fedorov Sergey Suturin Aleksandr A. Levin Andrey Telegin Elena Balashova Nikolai Sokolov |
| author_facet | Boris Krichevtsov Alexander Korovin Vladimir Fedorov Sergey Suturin Aleksandr A. Levin Andrey Telegin Elena Balashova Nikolai Sokolov |
| author_sort | Boris Krichevtsov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol are shown. The surface morphology, structural and magnetic properties of films were studied using atomic force microscopy, reflected high-energy electron diffraction, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping, powder X-ray diffraction, magneto-optical, and magnetometric methods. Annealed BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1–102) structures consist of close-packed islands epitaxially bonded to the substrate. The hexagonal crystallographic axis and the easy axis (EA) of the magnetization of the films are deflected from the normal to the film by an angle of <i>φ</i>~60°. The films exhibit magnetic hysteresis loops for both in-plane <b>H</b><sub>in-plane</sub> and out-of-plane <b>H</b><sub>out-of-plane</sub> magnetic fields. The shape of <i>M</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>in-plane</sub>) and <i>M</i><sub>in-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>in-plane</sub>) hysteresis loops strongly depends on the azimuth <i>θ</i> of the <b>H</b><sub>in plane</sub>, confirming the tilted orientation of the EA. The <i>M</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>) magnetization curves are caused by the reversible rotation of magnetization and irreversible magnetization jumps associated with the appearance and motion of domain walls. In the absence of a magnetic field, the magnetization is oriented at an angle close to <i>φ</i>. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b62d91dc305a4e8589e92ef77158630b2025-08-20T01:55:33ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-11-011423188310.3390/nano14231883Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic PropertiesBoris Krichevtsov0Alexander Korovin1Vladimir Fedorov2Sergey Suturin3Aleksandr A. Levin4Andrey Telegin5Elena Balashova6Nikolai Sokolov7Ioffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaIoffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaLaboratory of Renewable Energy Sources, Alferov University, Khlopin St. 8/3, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaIoffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaIoffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaM.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, 18 S. Kovalevskaya Str., 620108 Yekaterinburg, RussiaIoffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaIoffe Institute, Politechnicheskaya 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, RussiaThin (~50 nm thick) BaM hexaferrite (BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>) films were grown on (1–102) and (0001) cut α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (sapphire) substrates via laser molecular beam epitaxy using a one- or two-stage growth protocol. The advantages of a two-stage protocol are shown. The surface morphology, structural and magnetic properties of films were studied using atomic force microscopy, reflected high-energy electron diffraction, three-dimensional X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping, powder X-ray diffraction, magneto-optical, and magnetometric methods. Annealed BaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1–102) structures consist of close-packed islands epitaxially bonded to the substrate. The hexagonal crystallographic axis and the easy axis (EA) of the magnetization of the films are deflected from the normal to the film by an angle of <i>φ</i>~60°. The films exhibit magnetic hysteresis loops for both in-plane <b>H</b><sub>in-plane</sub> and out-of-plane <b>H</b><sub>out-of-plane</sub> magnetic fields. The shape of <i>M</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>in-plane</sub>) and <i>M</i><sub>in-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>in-plane</sub>) hysteresis loops strongly depends on the azimuth <i>θ</i> of the <b>H</b><sub>in plane</sub>, confirming the tilted orientation of the EA. The <i>M</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>(<i>H</i><sub>out-of-plane</sub>) magnetization curves are caused by the reversible rotation of magnetization and irreversible magnetization jumps associated with the appearance and motion of domain walls. In the absence of a magnetic field, the magnetization is oriented at an angle close to <i>φ</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1883hexaferritemolecular beam epitaxycrystal structuremagnetic anisotropyhysteresis loopsXRD |
| spellingShingle | Boris Krichevtsov Alexander Korovin Vladimir Fedorov Sergey Suturin Aleksandr A. Levin Andrey Telegin Elena Balashova Nikolai Sokolov Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties Nanomaterials hexaferrite molecular beam epitaxy crystal structure magnetic anisotropy hysteresis loops XRD |
| title | Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties |
| title_full | Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties |
| title_fullStr | Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties |
| title_short | Thin Films of BaM Hexaferrite with an Inclined Orientation of the Easy Magnetization Axis: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties |
| title_sort | thin films of bam hexaferrite with an inclined orientation of the easy magnetization axis crystal structure and magnetic properties |
| topic | hexaferrite molecular beam epitaxy crystal structure magnetic anisotropy hysteresis loops XRD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/23/1883 |
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