Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs

The velocity of nitrogen release impacts nitrogen utilization efficiency and animal growth. Yet the crucial junctures linking nitrogen release and utilization from diverse feed ingredients to digestion kinetic parameters remain obscure. This study aimed to evaluate and subdivide in vitro protein dig...

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Main Authors: Jia Li, Yu Cao, Xiaoyi Yu, Jingyi Huang, Rouke Jiang, Mingyi Huang, Jinbiao Zhao, Dandan Han, Junjun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-06-01
Series:Animal Nutrition
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000320
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author Jia Li
Yu Cao
Xiaoyi Yu
Jingyi Huang
Rouke Jiang
Mingyi Huang
Jinbiao Zhao
Dandan Han
Junjun Wang
author_facet Jia Li
Yu Cao
Xiaoyi Yu
Jingyi Huang
Rouke Jiang
Mingyi Huang
Jinbiao Zhao
Dandan Han
Junjun Wang
author_sort Jia Li
collection DOAJ
description The velocity of nitrogen release impacts nitrogen utilization efficiency and animal growth. Yet the crucial junctures linking nitrogen release and utilization from diverse feed ingredients to digestion kinetic parameters remain obscure. This study aimed to evaluate and subdivide in vitro protein digestion characteristics (such as release rate of free amino acids [FAA]) of three commonly used protein feed ingredients and to correlate the characteristics with nitrogen utilization in vivo. Ten soybean meals (SBM), eleven cottonseed meals (CM), and nine rapeseed meals (RM) were selected for in vitro study. After predigested for 120 min, the characteristics were evaluated within the small intestine stage. The release rate of total FAA from CM was significantly lower than SBM or RM during the fast-release phase (0 to 20 min). The total FAA release rate in SBM was substantially lower than others during the slow-release phase (20 to 140 min). In the in vivo experiment, cannulated growing barrows (n = 24; BW = 43.2 ± 2.8 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments (6 replicates for each treatment and 1 pig for each replicate). Three diets, each containing an equal concentration of crude protein (CP) supplied by either SBM, CM, or RM, fulfilled the requirements for essential amino acids. Nitrogen-free control diet was also included. There were strong correlations between plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and the release rate of total FAA in both the fast- and slow-release phases (P < 0.01). In summary, differences in in vitro digestion kinetic characteristics among SBM, CM, and RM were determined. It is believed that separating the total small intestine phase of total FAA release into the fast- and slow-release phases as the evaluation standard of protein feed ingredients and diets might effectively reveal their character and can be related to the PUN concentration of pigs.
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spelling doaj-art-b622cb23a4f0480cacf7b8bab69e23592025-08-20T03:33:35ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452025-06-012129230110.1016/j.aninu.2024.12.006Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigsJia Li0Yu Cao1Xiaoyi Yu2Jingyi Huang3Rouke Jiang4Mingyi Huang5Jinbiao Zhao6Dandan Han7Junjun Wang8State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China; Corresponding author.The velocity of nitrogen release impacts nitrogen utilization efficiency and animal growth. Yet the crucial junctures linking nitrogen release and utilization from diverse feed ingredients to digestion kinetic parameters remain obscure. This study aimed to evaluate and subdivide in vitro protein digestion characteristics (such as release rate of free amino acids [FAA]) of three commonly used protein feed ingredients and to correlate the characteristics with nitrogen utilization in vivo. Ten soybean meals (SBM), eleven cottonseed meals (CM), and nine rapeseed meals (RM) were selected for in vitro study. After predigested for 120 min, the characteristics were evaluated within the small intestine stage. The release rate of total FAA from CM was significantly lower than SBM or RM during the fast-release phase (0 to 20 min). The total FAA release rate in SBM was substantially lower than others during the slow-release phase (20 to 140 min). In the in vivo experiment, cannulated growing barrows (n = 24; BW = 43.2 ± 2.8 kg) were allocated to 4 treatments (6 replicates for each treatment and 1 pig for each replicate). Three diets, each containing an equal concentration of crude protein (CP) supplied by either SBM, CM, or RM, fulfilled the requirements for essential amino acids. Nitrogen-free control diet was also included. There were strong correlations between plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and the release rate of total FAA in both the fast- and slow-release phases (P < 0.01). In summary, differences in in vitro digestion kinetic characteristics among SBM, CM, and RM were determined. It is believed that separating the total small intestine phase of total FAA release into the fast- and slow-release phases as the evaluation standard of protein feed ingredients and diets might effectively reveal their character and can be related to the PUN concentration of pigs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000320Digestion kineticsFast and slow digestible proteinFree amino acid release rateNitrogen utilizationGrowing pig
spellingShingle Jia Li
Yu Cao
Xiaoyi Yu
Jingyi Huang
Rouke Jiang
Mingyi Huang
Jinbiao Zhao
Dandan Han
Junjun Wang
Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
Animal Nutrition
Digestion kinetics
Fast and slow digestible protein
Free amino acid release rate
Nitrogen utilization
Growing pig
title Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
title_full Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
title_fullStr Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
title_full_unstemmed Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
title_short Digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
title_sort digestion kinetics of protein feed ingredients and their impact on nitrogen utilization in growing pigs
topic Digestion kinetics
Fast and slow digestible protein
Free amino acid release rate
Nitrogen utilization
Growing pig
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405654525000320
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