RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, posing significant treatment challenges, particularly in its metastatic form (mCRC). This review comprehensively examines the pivotal role of RAS mutations, specifically KRAS and NRAS, which are detected in approxi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1202 |
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| author | Osman Sütcüoğlu Hasan Çağrı Yıldırım Elvina Almuradova Damla Günenç Şuayib Yalçın |
| author_facet | Osman Sütcüoğlu Hasan Çağrı Yıldırım Elvina Almuradova Damla Günenç Şuayib Yalçın |
| author_sort | Osman Sütcüoğlu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, posing significant treatment challenges, particularly in its metastatic form (mCRC). This review comprehensively examines the pivotal role of RAS mutations, specifically KRAS and NRAS, which are detected in approximately 40–45% of mCRC cases, and their impact on treatment decisions and patient outcomes. We assess the effectiveness of standard treatments within the RAS mutant population, highlighting the challenges and limitations these therapies face. Recent advancements in targeted therapies, particularly the focus on novel agents such as KRAS G12C inhibitors, including sotorasib and adagrasib, have shown promising efficacy in overcoming resistance to conventional treatments. Furthermore, this review discusses future directions, emphasizing the need for research into non-RAS targets to address the complexities of resistance mechanisms and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current treatments and innovative approaches, supporting the development of personalized management strategies for patients with mCRC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b60f073216384dafb47e3000f3a56cba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-b60f073216384dafb47e3000f3a56cba2025-08-20T03:58:30ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01617120210.3390/medicina61071202RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic ApproachesOsman Sütcüoğlu0Hasan Çağrı Yıldırım1Elvina Almuradova2Damla Günenç3Şuayib Yalçın4Department of Medical Oncology, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Niğde Research and Training Hospital, Niğde 51100, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Medicana International İzmir Hospital, İzmir 35170, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Ege University, İzmir 35040, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, TurkeyColorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally, posing significant treatment challenges, particularly in its metastatic form (mCRC). This review comprehensively examines the pivotal role of RAS mutations, specifically KRAS and NRAS, which are detected in approximately 40–45% of mCRC cases, and their impact on treatment decisions and patient outcomes. We assess the effectiveness of standard treatments within the RAS mutant population, highlighting the challenges and limitations these therapies face. Recent advancements in targeted therapies, particularly the focus on novel agents such as KRAS G12C inhibitors, including sotorasib and adagrasib, have shown promising efficacy in overcoming resistance to conventional treatments. Furthermore, this review discusses future directions, emphasizing the need for research into non-RAS targets to address the complexities of resistance mechanisms and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current treatments and innovative approaches, supporting the development of personalized management strategies for patients with mCRC.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1202colon cancerRAS mutationmolecular oncologysurvival |
| spellingShingle | Osman Sütcüoğlu Hasan Çağrı Yıldırım Elvina Almuradova Damla Günenç Şuayib Yalçın RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches Medicina colon cancer RAS mutation molecular oncology survival |
| title | RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_full | RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_fullStr | RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_short | RAS Mutations in Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches |
| title_sort | ras mutations in advanced colorectal cancer mechanisms clinical implications and novel therapeutic approaches |
| topic | colon cancer RAS mutation molecular oncology survival |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1202 |
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