Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing

ObjectivesThe aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of G-loading and psycho-emotional stress and competitive pressures on driver physiology between authentic and simulated racing during similar environmental conditions (e.g., a hot cockpit).MethodsAuthentic racing data was...

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Main Authors: Justin Holland, Megan Davis, David Ferguson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1498686/full
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author Justin Holland
Megan Davis
David Ferguson
author_facet Justin Holland
Megan Davis
David Ferguson
author_sort Justin Holland
collection DOAJ
description ObjectivesThe aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of G-loading and psycho-emotional stress and competitive pressures on driver physiology between authentic and simulated racing during similar environmental conditions (e.g., a hot cockpit).MethodsAuthentic racing data was collected during the 2018 “Sahlen's 6 h at the Glen” race, where five male drivers (age = 38.0 ± 5.1 y, driving years = 8 y) competed in the IMSA GTD class in 1 h stints over the course of the race. In the simulated race, the same drivers wore a full protective outfit to replicate the attire worn in the authentic race for 60 min in an environmental controlled room that matched authentic racing. During authentic and simulated racing physiological measures of heart rate (HR), breathing rate, physiological strain index (PSI), skin temperature and core temperature were recorded.ResultsIn the final 50 min higher (P < 0.05) physiological demands were observed in core temperature, PSI, and breathing rate for authentic racing compared to simulated racing. HR in the final 50 min was higher (P < 0.001) in authentic racing (159 ± 23 beats·min−1) to simulated racing (112 ± 19 beats·min−1) with no increase in heart rate in the first 10 min of simulated racing. In authentic racing skin temperature was higher (P < 0.001) in the first 10 min compared to simulated racing however, in the final 50 min there was no difference (P = 0.928) observed.ConclusionsG-loading and psycho-emotional stress lead to considerable increases in metabolic work and physical stress in authentic racing compared to simulated racing. A racing simulator does not generate the physical loads to drive the car or the psycho-emotional stress and competitive pressure of an authentic racing event.
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spelling doaj-art-b606ff06e3d24b7fbc7292d37bf32f282025-08-20T03:02:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672025-03-01710.3389/fspor.2025.14986861498686Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racingJustin Holland0Megan Davis1David Ferguson2School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, AustraliaDepartment of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesObjectivesThe aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of G-loading and psycho-emotional stress and competitive pressures on driver physiology between authentic and simulated racing during similar environmental conditions (e.g., a hot cockpit).MethodsAuthentic racing data was collected during the 2018 “Sahlen's 6 h at the Glen” race, where five male drivers (age = 38.0 ± 5.1 y, driving years = 8 y) competed in the IMSA GTD class in 1 h stints over the course of the race. In the simulated race, the same drivers wore a full protective outfit to replicate the attire worn in the authentic race for 60 min in an environmental controlled room that matched authentic racing. During authentic and simulated racing physiological measures of heart rate (HR), breathing rate, physiological strain index (PSI), skin temperature and core temperature were recorded.ResultsIn the final 50 min higher (P < 0.05) physiological demands were observed in core temperature, PSI, and breathing rate for authentic racing compared to simulated racing. HR in the final 50 min was higher (P < 0.001) in authentic racing (159 ± 23 beats·min−1) to simulated racing (112 ± 19 beats·min−1) with no increase in heart rate in the first 10 min of simulated racing. In authentic racing skin temperature was higher (P < 0.001) in the first 10 min compared to simulated racing however, in the final 50 min there was no difference (P = 0.928) observed.ConclusionsG-loading and psycho-emotional stress lead to considerable increases in metabolic work and physical stress in authentic racing compared to simulated racing. A racing simulator does not generate the physical loads to drive the car or the psycho-emotional stress and competitive pressure of an authentic racing event.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1498686/fullautomobile racingdriver sciencethermoregulationsimulated drivingenvironmental physiology
spellingShingle Justin Holland
Megan Davis
David Ferguson
Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
automobile racing
driver science
thermoregulation
simulated driving
environmental physiology
title Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing
title_full Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing
title_fullStr Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing
title_full_unstemmed Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing
title_short Physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor-racing
title_sort physiological responses of race car drivers in authentic and simulated motor racing
topic automobile racing
driver science
thermoregulation
simulated driving
environmental physiology
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2025.1498686/full
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AT megandavis physiologicalresponsesofracecardriversinauthenticandsimulatedmotorracing
AT davidferguson physiologicalresponsesofracecardriversinauthenticandsimulatedmotorracing