Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis

The health of crops is a major challenge for productivity growth in agriculture, with plant diseases playing a key role in limiting crop yield. Identifying and understanding these diseases is crucial to preventing their spread. In particular, greenhouse pepper leaves are susceptible to diseases such...

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Main Authors: Süleyman Çetinkaya, Amira Tandirovic Gursel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8690
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author Süleyman Çetinkaya
Amira Tandirovic Gursel
author_facet Süleyman Çetinkaya
Amira Tandirovic Gursel
author_sort Süleyman Çetinkaya
collection DOAJ
description The health of crops is a major challenge for productivity growth in agriculture, with plant diseases playing a key role in limiting crop yield. Identifying and understanding these diseases is crucial to preventing their spread. In particular, greenhouse pepper leaves are susceptible to diseases such as mildew, mites, caterpillars, aphids, and blight, which leave distinctive marks that can be used for disease classification. The study proposes a seven-class classifier for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of pepper diseases, with a primary focus on pre-processing techniques to enhance colour differentiation between green and yellow shades, thereby facilitating easier classification among the classes. A novel algorithm is introduced to improve image vibrancy, contrast, and colour properties. The diagnosis is performed using a modified VGG16Net model, which includes three additional layers for fine-tuning. After initialising on the ImageNet dataset, some layers are frozen to prevent redundant learning. The classification is additionally accelerated by introducing flattened, dense, and dropout layers. The proposed model is tested on a private dataset collected specifically for this study. Notably, this work is the first to focus on diagnosing aphid and caterpillar diseases in peppers. The model achieves an average accuracy of 92.00%, showing promising potential for seven-class deep learning-based disease diagnostics. Misclassifications in the aphid class are primarily due to the limited number of samples available.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-b60586c4f182406e8d3536447e1943472025-08-20T03:36:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515869010.3390/app15158690Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease DiagnosisSüleyman Çetinkaya0Amira Tandirovic Gursel1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, 01250 Sarıçam, Adana, TurkeyDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, 01250 Sarıçam, Adana, TurkeyThe health of crops is a major challenge for productivity growth in agriculture, with plant diseases playing a key role in limiting crop yield. Identifying and understanding these diseases is crucial to preventing their spread. In particular, greenhouse pepper leaves are susceptible to diseases such as mildew, mites, caterpillars, aphids, and blight, which leave distinctive marks that can be used for disease classification. The study proposes a seven-class classifier for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of pepper diseases, with a primary focus on pre-processing techniques to enhance colour differentiation between green and yellow shades, thereby facilitating easier classification among the classes. A novel algorithm is introduced to improve image vibrancy, contrast, and colour properties. The diagnosis is performed using a modified VGG16Net model, which includes three additional layers for fine-tuning. After initialising on the ImageNet dataset, some layers are frozen to prevent redundant learning. The classification is additionally accelerated by introducing flattened, dense, and dropout layers. The proposed model is tested on a private dataset collected specifically for this study. Notably, this work is the first to focus on diagnosing aphid and caterpillar diseases in peppers. The model achieves an average accuracy of 92.00%, showing promising potential for seven-class deep learning-based disease diagnostics. Misclassifications in the aphid class are primarily due to the limited number of samples available.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8690pepper diseasesdiagnosiscolour enhancementdeep learningpre-trained VGG16 model
spellingShingle Süleyman Çetinkaya
Amira Tandirovic Gursel
Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis
Applied Sciences
pepper diseases
diagnosis
colour enhancement
deep learning
pre-trained VGG16 model
title Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis
title_full Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis
title_fullStr Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis
title_full_unstemmed Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis
title_short Pep-VGGNet: A Novel Transfer Learning Method for Pepper Leaf Disease Diagnosis
title_sort pep vggnet a novel transfer learning method for pepper leaf disease diagnosis
topic pepper diseases
diagnosis
colour enhancement
deep learning
pre-trained VGG16 model
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8690
work_keys_str_mv AT suleymancetinkaya pepvggnetanoveltransferlearningmethodforpepperleafdiseasediagnosis
AT amiratandirovicgursel pepvggnetanoveltransferlearningmethodforpepperleafdiseasediagnosis