Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers
Abstract Background Camellia nitidissima Chi is a popular ornamental plant because of its golden flowers, which contain flavonoids and carotenoids. To understand the regulatory mechanism of golden color formation, the metabolites of C. nitidissima petals at five different developmental stages were d...
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BMC
2024-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05737-7 |
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| author | Xing-Wen Zhou Xiao-Xia Ye Bao-Jian Ye Shi-Hong Yan Hai-Bin Hu Qiu-Yuan Xu Xiong Yao He-Xia Liu Bo Li Yi-Qing Xie Zhong-Jian Liu |
| author_facet | Xing-Wen Zhou Xiao-Xia Ye Bao-Jian Ye Shi-Hong Yan Hai-Bin Hu Qiu-Yuan Xu Xiong Yao He-Xia Liu Bo Li Yi-Qing Xie Zhong-Jian Liu |
| author_sort | Xing-Wen Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Camellia nitidissima Chi is a popular ornamental plant because of its golden flowers, which contain flavonoids and carotenoids. To understand the regulatory mechanism of golden color formation, the metabolites of C. nitidissima petals at five different developmental stages were detected, a proteome map of petals was first constructed via tandem mass tag (TMT) analysis, and the accuracy of the sequencing data was validated via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Results Nineteen color components were detected, and most of these components were carotenoids that gradually accumulated, while some metabolites were flavonoids that were gradually depleted. A total of 97,647 spectra were obtained, and 6,789 quantifiable proteins were identified. Then, 1,319 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found, 55 of which belong to the flavonoid and carotenoid pathways, as revealed by pairwise comparisons of protein expression levels across the five developmental stages. Notably, most DEPs involved in the synthesis of flavonoids, such as phenylalanine ammonium lyase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, were downregulated during petal development, whereas DEPs involved in carotenoid synthesis, such as phytoene synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, and β-cyclase, tended to be upregulated. Furthermore, protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that these 55 DEPs formed two distinct PPI networks closely tied to the flavonoid and carotenoid synthesis pathways. Phytoene synthase and chalcone synthase exhibited extensive interactions with numerous other proteins and displayed high connectivity within the PPI networks, suggesting their pivotal biological functions in flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. Conclusion Proteomic data on the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways were obtained, and the regulatory roles of the DEPs were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the golden color formation mechanism of C. nitidissima. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b601cb4e8fdd415d92b01641f11e565d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b601cb4e8fdd415d92b01641f11e565d2025-08-20T02:18:10ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-11-0124111610.1186/s12870-024-05737-7Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowersXing-Wen Zhou0Xiao-Xia Ye1Bao-Jian Ye2Shi-Hong Yan3Hai-Bin Hu4Qiu-Yuan Xu5Xiong Yao6He-Xia Liu7Bo Li8Yi-Qing Xie9Zhong-Jian Liu10College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of TechnologyCollege of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal UniversityCollege of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of TechnologyCollege of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of TechnologyCollege of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of TechnologyCollege of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of TechnologyCollege of Architecture and Urban Planning, Fujian University of TechnologyCollege of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal UniversityCollege of Biology and Pharmacy, Yulin Normal UniversityInstitute of Economic Forestry, Fujian Academy of ForestryKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityAbstract Background Camellia nitidissima Chi is a popular ornamental plant because of its golden flowers, which contain flavonoids and carotenoids. To understand the regulatory mechanism of golden color formation, the metabolites of C. nitidissima petals at five different developmental stages were detected, a proteome map of petals was first constructed via tandem mass tag (TMT) analysis, and the accuracy of the sequencing data was validated via parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Results Nineteen color components were detected, and most of these components were carotenoids that gradually accumulated, while some metabolites were flavonoids that were gradually depleted. A total of 97,647 spectra were obtained, and 6,789 quantifiable proteins were identified. Then, 1,319 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were found, 55 of which belong to the flavonoid and carotenoid pathways, as revealed by pairwise comparisons of protein expression levels across the five developmental stages. Notably, most DEPs involved in the synthesis of flavonoids, such as phenylalanine ammonium lyase and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, were downregulated during petal development, whereas DEPs involved in carotenoid synthesis, such as phytoene synthase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, and β-cyclase, tended to be upregulated. Furthermore, protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network analysis revealed that these 55 DEPs formed two distinct PPI networks closely tied to the flavonoid and carotenoid synthesis pathways. Phytoene synthase and chalcone synthase exhibited extensive interactions with numerous other proteins and displayed high connectivity within the PPI networks, suggesting their pivotal biological functions in flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. Conclusion Proteomic data on the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways were obtained, and the regulatory roles of the DEPs were analyzed, which provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the golden color formation mechanism of C. nitidissima.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05737-7Flower colorCamellia NitidissimaMetabolitesProteomeMetabolic pathwayTandem mass tag (TMT) |
| spellingShingle | Xing-Wen Zhou Xiao-Xia Ye Bao-Jian Ye Shi-Hong Yan Hai-Bin Hu Qiu-Yuan Xu Xiong Yao He-Xia Liu Bo Li Yi-Qing Xie Zhong-Jian Liu Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers BMC Plant Biology Flower color Camellia Nitidissima Metabolites Proteome Metabolic pathway Tandem mass tag (TMT) |
| title | Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers |
| title_full | Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers |
| title_fullStr | Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers |
| title_short | Proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of Camellia Nitidissima flowers |
| title_sort | proteomic analysis identified proteins that are differentially expressed in the flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways of camellia nitidissima flowers |
| topic | Flower color Camellia Nitidissima Metabolites Proteome Metabolic pathway Tandem mass tag (TMT) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-05737-7 |
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