Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt
Milk is nearly a perfect natural food and is widely used by all segments of our population especially for infants and the elderly. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide, particularly in many African countries as in Egypt for the control of pests. OCPs are characterized by their b...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Toxicology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3821797 |
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| author | Amal A. Raslan Seham Elbadry Wageh Sobhy Darwish |
| author_facet | Amal A. Raslan Seham Elbadry Wageh Sobhy Darwish |
| author_sort | Amal A. Raslan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Milk is nearly a perfect natural food and is widely used by all segments of our population especially for infants and the elderly. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide, particularly in many African countries as in Egypt for the control of pests. OCPs are characterized by their bioaccumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they find their way into the human body. The objectives of this study were initially to estimate the residual concentrations of different OCPs in three kinds of fresh and raw milk from different animals (cattle, buffalo, and goat) marketed in Egypt. Additionally, human dietary intake and risk assessment of OCPs were calculated. The tested OCPs included pp-DDT and its metabolites pp-DDD and pp-DDE; hexachlorohexanes (HCHs) including α HCH and γ HCH; heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide; aldrin and endrin; chlordane, methoxychlor, and hexachloride benzene. The recorded results revealed that goat and buffalo milk samples had the highest incidence of OCPs’ contamination (75% for each), while this percentage was 50% in cow’s milk. The mean values of ΣOCPs were 317.83 ± 34.11, 605 ± 50.54, and 1210.57 ± 99.55 (ppb/ww) in the examined cattle, buffalo, and goat milk samples, respectively. All examined OCPs were within the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) set by World Health Organization with only 10% of goat milk samples exceeding this MRL. The estimated daily intake, noncancer, and cancer health risk assessment of the tested OCPs revealed the potential cancer risk especially among children consuming goat’s milk. The public health importance of such OCPs was discussed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b5ee8e3556de4c0bb9341ef288b32621 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1687-8191 1687-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b5ee8e3556de4c0bb9341ef288b326212025-08-20T03:20:54ZengWileyJournal of Toxicology1687-81911687-82052018-01-01201810.1155/2018/38217973821797Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, EgyptAmal A. Raslan0Seham Elbadry1Wageh Sobhy Darwish2Educational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, EgyptEducational Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, EgyptFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519, EgyptMilk is nearly a perfect natural food and is widely used by all segments of our population especially for infants and the elderly. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used worldwide, particularly in many African countries as in Egypt for the control of pests. OCPs are characterized by their bioaccumulation in the environment, especially in the food chain, where they find their way into the human body. The objectives of this study were initially to estimate the residual concentrations of different OCPs in three kinds of fresh and raw milk from different animals (cattle, buffalo, and goat) marketed in Egypt. Additionally, human dietary intake and risk assessment of OCPs were calculated. The tested OCPs included pp-DDT and its metabolites pp-DDD and pp-DDE; hexachlorohexanes (HCHs) including α HCH and γ HCH; heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide; aldrin and endrin; chlordane, methoxychlor, and hexachloride benzene. The recorded results revealed that goat and buffalo milk samples had the highest incidence of OCPs’ contamination (75% for each), while this percentage was 50% in cow’s milk. The mean values of ΣOCPs were 317.83 ± 34.11, 605 ± 50.54, and 1210.57 ± 99.55 (ppb/ww) in the examined cattle, buffalo, and goat milk samples, respectively. All examined OCPs were within the maximum permissible limits (MPLs) set by World Health Organization with only 10% of goat milk samples exceeding this MRL. The estimated daily intake, noncancer, and cancer health risk assessment of the tested OCPs revealed the potential cancer risk especially among children consuming goat’s milk. The public health importance of such OCPs was discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3821797 |
| spellingShingle | Amal A. Raslan Seham Elbadry Wageh Sobhy Darwish Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt Journal of Toxicology |
| title | Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt |
| title_full | Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt |
| title_fullStr | Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt |
| title_short | Estimation and Human Health Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Raw Milk Marketed in Zagazig City, Egypt |
| title_sort | estimation and human health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in raw milk marketed in zagazig city egypt |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3821797 |
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