Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training

Purpose. To dynamically monitor the functional state of athletes undergoing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with similar energy demands during the training cycle. Material & Methods. A total of 47 athletes were examined, including 27 runners at the 400 m distance and 20 swimm...

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Main Authors: Yevhen Mykhaliuk, Yehor Horokhovskyi, Anatolii Bosenko, Mykhailo Khoroshukha, Oksana Pavliuk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture 2025-06-01
Series:Фізична реабілітація та рекреаційно-оздоровчі технології
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Online Access:https://phrir.com/journal/article/view/428
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author Yevhen Mykhaliuk
Yehor Horokhovskyi
Anatolii Bosenko
Mykhailo Khoroshukha
Oksana Pavliuk
author_facet Yevhen Mykhaliuk
Yehor Horokhovskyi
Anatolii Bosenko
Mykhailo Khoroshukha
Oksana Pavliuk
author_sort Yevhen Mykhaliuk
collection DOAJ
description Purpose. To dynamically monitor the functional state of athletes undergoing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with similar energy demands during the training cycle. Material & Methods. A total of 47 athletes were examined, including 27 runners at the 400 m distance and 20 swimmers at the 100 m distance in the preparatory and competition periods of the training process. Heart rate variability and central hemodynamics were measured using the automated diagnostic platform Cardio+. Physical performance was assessed on the Corival Lode cycle ergometer using the submaximal PWC170 test. Results. During the competitive season, runners exhibited a trend towards increased parasympathetic influence and decreased sympathovagal index. Significant decreases were found in heart rate and cardiac index, with a shift in circulation type from eukinetic to hypokinetic. Analysis of circulation type distribution revealed an increase in hypokinetic circulation and the elimination of hyperkinetic circulation. Physical performance significantly improved, with increases in PWC170/kg and physical fitness index. A negative correlation was observed between performance metrics and cardiac index during the preparatory period. Swimmers showed trends towards increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity, though these changes were not statistically significant. A trend towards decreased cardiac index was observed. Circulation type distribution shifted towards hypokinetic circulation. PWC170/kg and physical fitness index significantly increased. Highly-trained runners demonstrated significant decreases in cardiac index and increases in performance metrics during the competitive period. Negative correlations were found between performance metrics and cardiac index. No significant correlations were observed in lower-level athletes. Conclusions. During the competitive period, compared to the preparatory period, runners and swimmers exhibited a statistically significant increase in physical performance and an improved physical fitness index. Analysis of heart rate variability parameters, however, revealed no statistically significant differences. Correlation analysis revealed that, in the competition period, a decrease in cardiac index to a physiologically advantageous hypokinetic circulatory profile in runners was associated with increased physical performance, while in swimmers, it was associated with a shift in autonomic nervous system vegetative balance. A beneficial outcome of appropriate sports training is the enhancement of functional capacity within the body’s primary systems. This leads to improved athletic performance, as demonstrated by gains observed in runners and swimmers.
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issn 2522-1906
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture
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series Фізична реабілітація та рекреаційно-оздоровчі технології
spelling doaj-art-b5df6596854845febc5651c307dde10f2025-08-20T03:08:59ZengKharkiv State Academy of Physical CultureФізична реабілітація та рекреаційно-оздоровчі технології2522-19062025-06-0110316217210.15391/prrht.2025-10(3).03Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle trainingYevhen Mykhaliuk0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3607-7619Yehor Horokhovskyi1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4555-9110Anatolii Bosenko2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-0412Mykhailo Khoroshukha3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-5792Oksana Pavliuk4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0016-2416Zaporizhzhia State Medical UniversityZaporizhzhia National UniversitySouth Ukrainian national pedagogical university named after K. D. UshynskyBorys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan UniversityKhmelnytskyi National UniversityPurpose. To dynamically monitor the functional state of athletes undergoing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with similar energy demands during the training cycle. Material & Methods. A total of 47 athletes were examined, including 27 runners at the 400 m distance and 20 swimmers at the 100 m distance in the preparatory and competition periods of the training process. Heart rate variability and central hemodynamics were measured using the automated diagnostic platform Cardio+. Physical performance was assessed on the Corival Lode cycle ergometer using the submaximal PWC170 test. Results. During the competitive season, runners exhibited a trend towards increased parasympathetic influence and decreased sympathovagal index. Significant decreases were found in heart rate and cardiac index, with a shift in circulation type from eukinetic to hypokinetic. Analysis of circulation type distribution revealed an increase in hypokinetic circulation and the elimination of hyperkinetic circulation. Physical performance significantly improved, with increases in PWC170/kg and physical fitness index. A negative correlation was observed between performance metrics and cardiac index during the preparatory period. Swimmers showed trends towards increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity, though these changes were not statistically significant. A trend towards decreased cardiac index was observed. Circulation type distribution shifted towards hypokinetic circulation. PWC170/kg and physical fitness index significantly increased. Highly-trained runners demonstrated significant decreases in cardiac index and increases in performance metrics during the competitive period. Negative correlations were found between performance metrics and cardiac index. No significant correlations were observed in lower-level athletes. Conclusions. During the competitive period, compared to the preparatory period, runners and swimmers exhibited a statistically significant increase in physical performance and an improved physical fitness index. Analysis of heart rate variability parameters, however, revealed no statistically significant differences. Correlation analysis revealed that, in the competition period, a decrease in cardiac index to a physiologically advantageous hypokinetic circulatory profile in runners was associated with increased physical performance, while in swimmers, it was associated with a shift in autonomic nervous system vegetative balance. A beneficial outcome of appropriate sports training is the enhancement of functional capacity within the body’s primary systems. This leads to improved athletic performance, as demonstrated by gains observed in runners and swimmers.https://phrir.com/journal/article/view/428runnersswimmersheart rate variabilitycentral hemodynamicsphysical performancetraining periods in sportenergy provision for trainingsports qualification
spellingShingle Yevhen Mykhaliuk
Yehor Horokhovskyi
Anatolii Bosenko
Mykhailo Khoroshukha
Oksana Pavliuk
Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
Фізична реабілітація та рекреаційно-оздоровчі технології
runners
swimmers
heart rate variability
central hemodynamics
physical performance
training periods in sport
energy provision for training
sports qualification
title Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
title_full Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
title_fullStr Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
title_short Dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
title_sort dynamic monitoring of functional status in athletes performing physical loads in vertical and horizontal planes with equivalent energy supply for muscle training
topic runners
swimmers
heart rate variability
central hemodynamics
physical performance
training periods in sport
energy provision for training
sports qualification
url https://phrir.com/journal/article/view/428
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