Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China

ObjectiveInsomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects quality of life and varies significantly across populations. In China, the urban-rural divide is notable, but differences in insomnia prevalence and influencing factors between these groups remain unclear. Using Foshan as a case study, this r...

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Main Authors: Zhaosong Chu, Jianling Xie, Rui Liu, Liqin Ou, Zheng Lan, Jiaquan Liang, Guojun Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1580013/full
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author Zhaosong Chu
Jianling Xie
Rui Liu
Liqin Ou
Zheng Lan
Jiaquan Liang
Guojun Xie
author_facet Zhaosong Chu
Jianling Xie
Rui Liu
Liqin Ou
Zheng Lan
Jiaquan Liang
Guojun Xie
author_sort Zhaosong Chu
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveInsomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects quality of life and varies significantly across populations. In China, the urban-rural divide is notable, but differences in insomnia prevalence and influencing factors between these groups remain unclear. Using Foshan as a case study, this research aims to identify these differences to develop targeted interventions for improving sleep quality.MethodsData were obtained from the 2022 Foshan City Residents’ Mental Health Survey, which included 9,044 adult participants (4,546 urban and 4,498 rural residents). Insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, with participants scoring ≥ 8 classified as the insomnia group. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to explore urban-rural differences in insomnia prevalence and influencing factors.ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia in Foshan was 18.37%. Urban residents exhibited a significantly higher insomnia rate (19.73%) compared to rural residents (16.99%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that among urban residents, being unmarried, widowed or divorced, engaging in professional technical work, chronic diseases, depression, and anxiety were risk factors for insomnia. Meanwhile, 6–12 years of education, regular dietary habits, and daily physical exercise were protective factors. For rural residents, female gender, high educational attainment, high monthly household income, chronic diseases, depression, and anxiety were risk factors, while regular diet and daily physical exercise emerged as protective factors.ConclusionInsomnia prevalence is higher among urban residents in Foshan compared to rural residents, with distinct influencing factors for each group. Findings inform tailored interventions aimed at reducing insomnia disparities across urban and rural populations.
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spelling doaj-art-b5c59d2b5e3848c69debc71eeec29de22025-08-20T03:32:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-06-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.15800131580013Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, ChinaZhaosong Chu0Jianling Xie1Rui Liu2Liqin Ou3Zheng Lan4Jiaquan Liang5Guojun Xie6Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, The Xinshi Hospital of Gaoming District, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Psychiatry, The Xinshi Hospital of Gaoming District, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Psychology, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Psychology, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, ChinaObjectiveInsomnia is a common sleep disorder that affects quality of life and varies significantly across populations. In China, the urban-rural divide is notable, but differences in insomnia prevalence and influencing factors between these groups remain unclear. Using Foshan as a case study, this research aims to identify these differences to develop targeted interventions for improving sleep quality.MethodsData were obtained from the 2022 Foshan City Residents’ Mental Health Survey, which included 9,044 adult participants (4,546 urban and 4,498 rural residents). Insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index, with participants scoring ≥ 8 classified as the insomnia group. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used to explore urban-rural differences in insomnia prevalence and influencing factors.ResultsThe prevalence of insomnia in Foshan was 18.37%. Urban residents exhibited a significantly higher insomnia rate (19.73%) compared to rural residents (16.99%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that among urban residents, being unmarried, widowed or divorced, engaging in professional technical work, chronic diseases, depression, and anxiety were risk factors for insomnia. Meanwhile, 6–12 years of education, regular dietary habits, and daily physical exercise were protective factors. For rural residents, female gender, high educational attainment, high monthly household income, chronic diseases, depression, and anxiety were risk factors, while regular diet and daily physical exercise emerged as protective factors.ConclusionInsomnia prevalence is higher among urban residents in Foshan compared to rural residents, with distinct influencing factors for each group. Findings inform tailored interventions aimed at reducing insomnia disparities across urban and rural populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1580013/fullinsomniaurban-rural differencesstatus surveyinfluencing factorsChina
spellingShingle Zhaosong Chu
Jianling Xie
Rui Liu
Liqin Ou
Zheng Lan
Jiaquan Liang
Guojun Xie
Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China
Frontiers in Psychiatry
insomnia
urban-rural differences
status survey
influencing factors
China
title Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China
title_full Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China
title_fullStr Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China
title_full_unstemmed Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China
title_short Urban-rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia: a cross-sectional study in Foshan, China
title_sort urban rural differences in the prevalence and influencing factors of insomnia a cross sectional study in foshan china
topic insomnia
urban-rural differences
status survey
influencing factors
China
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1580013/full
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