Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China

ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the demographics, evaluate risk factors associated with malignant progression, and assess pregnancy outcomes among patients with hydatidiform mole (HM) using a large, retrospective cohort study in Shanghai.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients...

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Main Authors: Tingting Zhu, Guohua Zhu, Jiahui Ma, Xiaojuan Yu, Tingting Chen, Xiang Tao, Li Sun, Xin Lu, Yan Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1643590/full
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author Tingting Zhu
Tingting Zhu
Tingting Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Jiahui Ma
Jiahui Ma
Jiahui Ma
Xiaojuan Yu
Xiaojuan Yu
Xiaojuan Yu
Tingting Chen
Tingting Chen
Tingting Chen
Xiang Tao
Xiang Tao
Xiang Tao
Li Sun
Li Sun
Li Sun
Xin Lu
Xin Lu
Xin Lu
Yan Du
Yan Du
Yan Du
author_facet Tingting Zhu
Tingting Zhu
Tingting Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Jiahui Ma
Jiahui Ma
Jiahui Ma
Xiaojuan Yu
Xiaojuan Yu
Xiaojuan Yu
Tingting Chen
Tingting Chen
Tingting Chen
Xiang Tao
Xiang Tao
Xiang Tao
Li Sun
Li Sun
Li Sun
Xin Lu
Xin Lu
Xin Lu
Yan Du
Yan Du
Yan Du
author_sort Tingting Zhu
collection DOAJ
description ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the demographics, evaluate risk factors associated with malignant progression, and assess pregnancy outcomes among patients with hydatidiform mole (HM) using a large, retrospective cohort study in Shanghai.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with pathologically confirmed HM from 2019 to 2023. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the demographic characteristics, progression to postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (pGTN), and reproductive outcomes of patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors and develop predictive models for pGTN.ResultsOf 506 patients with HM, the average age and gestational age at diagnosis were approximately 33 years and 10 weeks, respectively. During follow-up, 42 patients (8.3%) progressed to pGTN, all achieved complete response after treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that significant risk factors for progression to pGTN included pathological type and maximum diameter of lesions by ultrasound pre-evacuation (p < 0.05 for both). A predictive model incorporating age, β-hCG ratio (before/after evacuation), and ultrasound characteristics (uterine/lesion ratio) demonstrated optimal performance and goodness of fit. Among the 304 patients who intended to conceive, 254 had documented reproductive outcomes (follow-up rate: 83.6%). Of these, 163 patients (64.2%) achieved successful re-pregnancy, including 131 (80.4%) livebirths.ConclusionOur study provides a comprehensive update on the demographics, risk factors associated with progression to pGTN, and reproductive outcomes of patients with HM in Shanghai. The clinical application of the predictive model needs to be further verified in a longitudinal setting.
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spelling doaj-art-b5bacb896b364bc4bb5ef7cee69a2d5e2025-08-20T02:46:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-07-011510.3389/fonc.2025.16435901643590Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, ChinaTingting Zhu0Tingting Zhu1Tingting Zhu2Guohua Zhu3Guohua Zhu4Guohua Zhu5Jiahui Ma6Jiahui Ma7Jiahui Ma8Xiaojuan Yu9Xiaojuan Yu10Xiaojuan Yu11Tingting Chen12Tingting Chen13Tingting Chen14Xiang Tao15Xiang Tao16Xiang Tao17Li Sun18Li Sun19Li Sun20Xin Lu21Xin Lu22Xin Lu23Yan Du24Yan Du25Yan Du26Department of Gynecology Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gynecology Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaClinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaClinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ultrasound, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gynecology Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, ChinaClinical Research Unit, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify the demographics, evaluate risk factors associated with malignant progression, and assess pregnancy outcomes among patients with hydatidiform mole (HM) using a large, retrospective cohort study in Shanghai.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients with pathologically confirmed HM from 2019 to 2023. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe the demographic characteristics, progression to postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (pGTN), and reproductive outcomes of patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate risk factors and develop predictive models for pGTN.ResultsOf 506 patients with HM, the average age and gestational age at diagnosis were approximately 33 years and 10 weeks, respectively. During follow-up, 42 patients (8.3%) progressed to pGTN, all achieved complete response after treatment. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that significant risk factors for progression to pGTN included pathological type and maximum diameter of lesions by ultrasound pre-evacuation (p < 0.05 for both). A predictive model incorporating age, β-hCG ratio (before/after evacuation), and ultrasound characteristics (uterine/lesion ratio) demonstrated optimal performance and goodness of fit. Among the 304 patients who intended to conceive, 254 had documented reproductive outcomes (follow-up rate: 83.6%). Of these, 163 patients (64.2%) achieved successful re-pregnancy, including 131 (80.4%) livebirths.ConclusionOur study provides a comprehensive update on the demographics, risk factors associated with progression to pGTN, and reproductive outcomes of patients with HM in Shanghai. The clinical application of the predictive model needs to be further verified in a longitudinal setting.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1643590/fullhydatidiform moledemographicspostmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasiarisk factorpregnancy outcome
spellingShingle Tingting Zhu
Tingting Zhu
Tingting Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Guohua Zhu
Jiahui Ma
Jiahui Ma
Jiahui Ma
Xiaojuan Yu
Xiaojuan Yu
Xiaojuan Yu
Tingting Chen
Tingting Chen
Tingting Chen
Xiang Tao
Xiang Tao
Xiang Tao
Li Sun
Li Sun
Li Sun
Xin Lu
Xin Lu
Xin Lu
Yan Du
Yan Du
Yan Du
Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
Frontiers in Oncology
hydatidiform mole
demographics
postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
risk factor
pregnancy outcome
title Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
title_full Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
title_fullStr Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
title_full_unstemmed Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
title_short Demographics, risk factors associated with malignant progression, and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole: A retrospective cohort study in Shanghai, China
title_sort demographics risk factors associated with malignant progression and pregnancy outcomes of hydatidiform mole a retrospective cohort study in shanghai china
topic hydatidiform mole
demographics
postmolar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
risk factor
pregnancy outcome
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1643590/full
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