Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux

Abstract One key source of uncertainty for weather and climate models is structural uncertainty arising from the fact that these models must simplify or approximate complex physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the real world. However, structural uncertainty is rarely examined i...

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Main Authors: Dan Li, Ting Sun, Jiachuan Yang, Ning Zhang, Pouya Vahmani, Andrew Jones
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2024-10-01
Series:Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004431
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author Dan Li
Ting Sun
Jiachuan Yang
Ning Zhang
Pouya Vahmani
Andrew Jones
author_facet Dan Li
Ting Sun
Jiachuan Yang
Ning Zhang
Pouya Vahmani
Andrew Jones
author_sort Dan Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract One key source of uncertainty for weather and climate models is structural uncertainty arising from the fact that these models must simplify or approximate complex physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the real world. However, structural uncertainty is rarely examined in the context of simulated effects of anthropogenic heat flux in cities. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a single‐layer urban canopy model, it is found that the sensitivity of urban canopy air temperature to anthropogenic heat flux can differ by an order of magnitude depending on how anthropogenic heat flux is released to the urban environment. Moreover, varying model structures through changing the treatment of roof‐air interaction and the parameterization of convective heat transfer between the canopy air and the atmosphere can affect the sensitivity of urban canopy air temperature by a factor of 4. Urban surface temperature and 2‐m air temperature are less sensitive to the methods of anthropogenic heat flux release and the examined model structural variants than urban canopy air temperature, but their sensitivities to anthropogenic heat flux can still vary by as much as a factor of 4 for surface temperature and 2 for 2‐m air temperature. Our study recommends using temperature sensitivity instead of temperature response to understand how various physical processes (and their representations in numerical models) modulate the simulated effects of anthropogenic heat flux.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1942-2466
language English
publishDate 2024-10-01
publisher American Geophysical Union (AGU)
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series Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
spelling doaj-art-b5ac9c2db3524085ad24cfdaabf005482025-08-20T02:12:10ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems1942-24662024-10-011610n/an/a10.1029/2024MS004431Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat FluxDan Li0Ting Sun1Jiachuan Yang2Ning Zhang3Pouya Vahmani4Andrew Jones5Department of Earth and Environment Boston University Boston MA USADepartment of Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London London UKDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing ChinaLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USALawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USAAbstract One key source of uncertainty for weather and climate models is structural uncertainty arising from the fact that these models must simplify or approximate complex physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the real world. However, structural uncertainty is rarely examined in the context of simulated effects of anthropogenic heat flux in cities. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a single‐layer urban canopy model, it is found that the sensitivity of urban canopy air temperature to anthropogenic heat flux can differ by an order of magnitude depending on how anthropogenic heat flux is released to the urban environment. Moreover, varying model structures through changing the treatment of roof‐air interaction and the parameterization of convective heat transfer between the canopy air and the atmosphere can affect the sensitivity of urban canopy air temperature by a factor of 4. Urban surface temperature and 2‐m air temperature are less sensitive to the methods of anthropogenic heat flux release and the examined model structural variants than urban canopy air temperature, but their sensitivities to anthropogenic heat flux can still vary by as much as a factor of 4 for surface temperature and 2 for 2‐m air temperature. Our study recommends using temperature sensitivity instead of temperature response to understand how various physical processes (and their representations in numerical models) modulate the simulated effects of anthropogenic heat flux.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004431anthropogenic heat fluxurban climatesensitivitystructural uncertainty
spellingShingle Dan Li
Ting Sun
Jiachuan Yang
Ning Zhang
Pouya Vahmani
Andrew Jones
Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
anthropogenic heat flux
urban climate
sensitivity
structural uncertainty
title Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux
title_full Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux
title_fullStr Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux
title_full_unstemmed Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux
title_short Structural Uncertainty in the Sensitivity of Urban Temperatures to Anthropogenic Heat Flux
title_sort structural uncertainty in the sensitivity of urban temperatures to anthropogenic heat flux
topic anthropogenic heat flux
urban climate
sensitivity
structural uncertainty
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004431
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AT jiachuanyang structuraluncertaintyinthesensitivityofurbantemperaturestoanthropogenicheatflux
AT ningzhang structuraluncertaintyinthesensitivityofurbantemperaturestoanthropogenicheatflux
AT pouyavahmani structuraluncertaintyinthesensitivityofurbantemperaturestoanthropogenicheatflux
AT andrewjones structuraluncertaintyinthesensitivityofurbantemperaturestoanthropogenicheatflux