Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics

Abstract Based on a review of the fundamental principles of the Newmark sliding displacement method, this paper proposes an improved approach based on the upper bound solution of plastic mechanics, drawing on the theory of Academician Zuyu Chen, which states that “during a given time period t, whene...

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Main Authors: Pengxu Jing, Wenbo Zheng, Li Li, Baokun Ning, Mingyong Lu, Qingyi Yang, Yanyun Nan, Jing Li, Yifan Xu, Jingjing Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94895-1
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author Pengxu Jing
Wenbo Zheng
Li Li
Baokun Ning
Mingyong Lu
Qingyi Yang
Yanyun Nan
Jing Li
Yifan Xu
Jingjing Liu
author_facet Pengxu Jing
Wenbo Zheng
Li Li
Baokun Ning
Mingyong Lu
Qingyi Yang
Yanyun Nan
Jing Li
Yifan Xu
Jingjing Liu
author_sort Pengxu Jing
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Based on a review of the fundamental principles of the Newmark sliding displacement method, this paper proposes an improved approach based on the upper bound solution of plastic mechanics, drawing on the theory of Academician Zuyu Chen, which states that “during a given time period t, whenever velocity V > 0 occurs, the integration domain must be determined based on the varying distributions of acceleration a.” The improved Newmark program integrates four main categories and eight subcategories of conditions into its framework through C + + programming. By employing the inclined strip method to construct velocity fields, the program enables more precise calculations of permanent slope displacements. To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved method, calculations were conducted on both ideal slope models and real-world slope models. For the ideal soil and rock slope models, the results from the improved Newmark program were consistent with those obtained using the pseudo-static method and commercial software, demonstrating its strong applicability and accuracy. Furthermore, normalized artificial seismic waves, the Loma Prieta earthquake wave, and the Wenchuan earthquake wave, each with varying amplification factors, were input into the actual slope model of a colluvial deposit at the C1 hydropower station in Tibet. A comparison of these results with existing data revealed that the improved Newmark program produced calculations that closely matched real-world observations. This further validates the method’s reliability and accuracy in practical applications. In conclusion, the improved Newmark program can more accurately calculate permanent displacements under seismic loads, which has far-reaching significance for the design and safety assessment of slope engineering.
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spelling doaj-art-b5a20fbaf13a4295a0b3bb709b4572512025-08-20T02:11:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-94895-1Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanicsPengxu Jing0Wenbo Zheng1Li Li2Baokun Ning3Mingyong Lu4Qingyi Yang5Yanyun Nan6Jing Li7Yifan Xu8Jingjing Liu9College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang′an UniversityCollege of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang′an UniversityInstitute of Geophysics, China Earthquake AdministrationKey Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency ManagementKey Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency ManagementCIECC (Beiing) Project Management Development Co., LtdKey Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency ManagementKey Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency ManagementKey Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency ManagementKey Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency ManagementAbstract Based on a review of the fundamental principles of the Newmark sliding displacement method, this paper proposes an improved approach based on the upper bound solution of plastic mechanics, drawing on the theory of Academician Zuyu Chen, which states that “during a given time period t, whenever velocity V > 0 occurs, the integration domain must be determined based on the varying distributions of acceleration a.” The improved Newmark program integrates four main categories and eight subcategories of conditions into its framework through C + + programming. By employing the inclined strip method to construct velocity fields, the program enables more precise calculations of permanent slope displacements. To validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved method, calculations were conducted on both ideal slope models and real-world slope models. For the ideal soil and rock slope models, the results from the improved Newmark program were consistent with those obtained using the pseudo-static method and commercial software, demonstrating its strong applicability and accuracy. Furthermore, normalized artificial seismic waves, the Loma Prieta earthquake wave, and the Wenchuan earthquake wave, each with varying amplification factors, were input into the actual slope model of a colluvial deposit at the C1 hydropower station in Tibet. A comparison of these results with existing data revealed that the improved Newmark program produced calculations that closely matched real-world observations. This further validates the method’s reliability and accuracy in practical applications. In conclusion, the improved Newmark program can more accurately calculate permanent displacements under seismic loads, which has far-reaching significance for the design and safety assessment of slope engineering.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94895-1Newmark sliding displacement methodUpper-Bound solutionInclined strip methodSeismic slope stabilityPermanent displacement
spellingShingle Pengxu Jing
Wenbo Zheng
Li Li
Baokun Ning
Mingyong Lu
Qingyi Yang
Yanyun Nan
Jing Li
Yifan Xu
Jingjing Liu
Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
Scientific Reports
Newmark sliding displacement method
Upper-Bound solution
Inclined strip method
Seismic slope stability
Permanent displacement
title Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
title_full Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
title_fullStr Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
title_full_unstemmed Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
title_short Seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved Newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
title_sort seismic slope permanent displacement calculation based on improved newmark model using upper bound solution of plastic mechanics
topic Newmark sliding displacement method
Upper-Bound solution
Inclined strip method
Seismic slope stability
Permanent displacement
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94895-1
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