In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Staphylococci are the most common causes of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI); new antimicrobials are needed to manage these difficult infections. Nisin A is a lantibiotic peptide derived from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> that has antimicrobial a...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/515 |
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| author | Melissa J. Karau Christina A. Koscianski Andrew D. Badley Nicholas A. Bedard John W. Zinckgraf Robin Patel |
| author_facet | Melissa J. Karau Christina A. Koscianski Andrew D. Badley Nicholas A. Bedard John W. Zinckgraf Robin Patel |
| author_sort | Melissa J. Karau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Staphylococci are the most common causes of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI); new antimicrobials are needed to manage these difficult infections. Nisin A is a lantibiotic peptide derived from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> that has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococci, and is an FDA-approved preservative used in the food and dairy industry. Here, the in vitro nisin A susceptibility of PJI-associated staphylococci was assessed. <b>Methods</b>: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), and minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations (MBBCs) of nisin A were measured by broth microdilution against 106 staphylococcus isolates isolated from PJI. MICs were assessed using 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL plus nisin A. For MBICs, biofilms were grown on pegged lids for 6 h, followed by 20 h of treatment. For MBBCs, pegged lids were transferred to plates containing media only for 20 h. The results were determined as the lowest concentrations with no visual growth. Two-dimensional MICs with nisin A and vancomycin were assessed for 20 isolates. Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) were calculated to determine synergistic, additive, antagonistic, or indifferent interactions. <b>Results</b>: The MIC that inhibited 90% of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> was 4 µg/mL, apart from for the MRSA subset (8 µg/mL). The MBIC that inhibited 90% of isolates was 4 µg/mL. The MBBCs ranged from 4 to 256 µg/mL. When tested together, nisin A and vancomycin yielded an FIC between 1.25 and 1.5, indicative of indifference, except for one isolate each of MRSA and MSSA, for which an additive effect (FIC of 1) was observed. <b>Conclusions</b>: Nisin A showed inhibitory activity against staphylococci that cause PJI. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b593e5fe38894bcd8bd895fe42b047b5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b593e5fe38894bcd8bd895fe42b047b52025-08-20T01:56:20ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-05-0114551510.3390/antibiotics14050515In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint InfectionMelissa J. Karau0Christina A. Koscianski1Andrew D. Badley2Nicholas A. Bedard3John W. Zinckgraf4Robin Patel5Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USADivision of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USADivision of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USADepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USAImmuCell Corp, Portland, ME 04103, USADivision of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Staphylococci are the most common causes of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI); new antimicrobials are needed to manage these difficult infections. Nisin A is a lantibiotic peptide derived from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> that has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including staphylococci, and is an FDA-approved preservative used in the food and dairy industry. Here, the in vitro nisin A susceptibility of PJI-associated staphylococci was assessed. <b>Methods</b>: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs), and minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations (MBBCs) of nisin A were measured by broth microdilution against 106 staphylococcus isolates isolated from PJI. MICs were assessed using 5 × 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/mL plus nisin A. For MBICs, biofilms were grown on pegged lids for 6 h, followed by 20 h of treatment. For MBBCs, pegged lids were transferred to plates containing media only for 20 h. The results were determined as the lowest concentrations with no visual growth. Two-dimensional MICs with nisin A and vancomycin were assessed for 20 isolates. Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) were calculated to determine synergistic, additive, antagonistic, or indifferent interactions. <b>Results</b>: The MIC that inhibited 90% of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>S. epidermidis</i> was 4 µg/mL, apart from for the MRSA subset (8 µg/mL). The MBIC that inhibited 90% of isolates was 4 µg/mL. The MBBCs ranged from 4 to 256 µg/mL. When tested together, nisin A and vancomycin yielded an FIC between 1.25 and 1.5, indicative of indifference, except for one isolate each of MRSA and MSSA, for which an additive effect (FIC of 1) was observed. <b>Conclusions</b>: Nisin A showed inhibitory activity against staphylococci that cause PJI.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/515staphylococcinisin Aperiprosthetic joint infectionvancomycinminimum inhibitory concentrationcheckerboard |
| spellingShingle | Melissa J. Karau Christina A. Koscianski Andrew D. Badley Nicholas A. Bedard John W. Zinckgraf Robin Patel In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection Antibiotics staphylococci nisin A periprosthetic joint infection vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration checkerboard |
| title | In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection |
| title_full | In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection |
| title_short | In Vitro Activity of Nisin A Against Staphylococci Isolated from Periprosthetic Joint Infection |
| title_sort | in vitro activity of nisin a against staphylococci isolated from periprosthetic joint infection |
| topic | staphylococci nisin A periprosthetic joint infection vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration checkerboard |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/515 |
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