Fractional-order mathematical modeling of toxoplasmosis transmission dynamics with harmonic mean-type incidence rate

Abstract Mathematical modeling is an effective tool for understanding and predicting certain endemic diseases. Toxoplasmosis gondii (T. gondii) is an endemic disease that is transmitted to human by contact with infected cats. T. gondii can cause a lot of diseases in human body and also affects the h...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Muhammad Asif, Ioan-Lucian Popa, Emad A. A. Ismail, Fuad A. Awwad, Mosab Alqurashi, Umar Ishtiaq
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02456-3
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