On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz

This work describes the design process, manufacturing, and measurement of an antenna system consisting of an on-chip feeding element enhanced by 3D printed parasitic resonators operating around 246 GHz. The antennas are intended to be fed by the differential output of a wideband binary phase shift k...

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Main Authors: Joachim Hebeler, Pascal Maier, Alexander Kotz, Christian Koos, Akanksha Bhutani, Thomas Zwick
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10960672/
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author Joachim Hebeler
Pascal Maier
Alexander Kotz
Christian Koos
Akanksha Bhutani
Thomas Zwick
author_facet Joachim Hebeler
Pascal Maier
Alexander Kotz
Christian Koos
Akanksha Bhutani
Thomas Zwick
author_sort Joachim Hebeler
collection DOAJ
description This work describes the design process, manufacturing, and measurement of an antenna system consisting of an on-chip feeding element enhanced by 3D printed parasitic resonators operating around 246 GHz. The antennas are intended to be fed by the differential output of a wideband binary phase shift keying (BPSK) transmitter. The state-of-the-art is evaluated, and multiple possible complementary metal-oxide-metal (CMOS) back-end of line (BEOL) antenna structures are identified and compared against each other. The best option, in the form of a shorted bow-tie antenna, is selected. A parasitic resonator structure based on 3D printing and metallization is designed and improved using common mode analysis. The design and optimization process is detailed and explained. The realized designs are measured and compared against a similar concept using metallic resonators on a glass substrate as parasitic resonators. This is the first demonstration of a direct 3D printed structure on a CMOS antenna operating around 246 GHz.
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issn 2169-3536
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-b55fd673b6204191b7e5956eb92f2fdd2025-08-20T02:27:16ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113659556596510.1109/ACCESS.2025.355921810960672On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHzJoachim Hebeler0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-5890Pascal Maier1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-6592Alexander Kotz2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0459-6759Christian Koos3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2690-0691Akanksha Bhutani4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-2688Thomas Zwick5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-0766Institute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Photonics and Quantum Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Radio Frequency Engineering and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyThis work describes the design process, manufacturing, and measurement of an antenna system consisting of an on-chip feeding element enhanced by 3D printed parasitic resonators operating around 246 GHz. The antennas are intended to be fed by the differential output of a wideband binary phase shift keying (BPSK) transmitter. The state-of-the-art is evaluated, and multiple possible complementary metal-oxide-metal (CMOS) back-end of line (BEOL) antenna structures are identified and compared against each other. The best option, in the form of a shorted bow-tie antenna, is selected. A parasitic resonator structure based on 3D printing and metallization is designed and improved using common mode analysis. The design and optimization process is detailed and explained. The realized designs are measured and compared against a similar concept using metallic resonators on a glass substrate as parasitic resonators. This is the first demonstration of a direct 3D printed structure on a CMOS antenna operating around 246 GHz.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10960672/3D printingmmWave antennasantenna measurement
spellingShingle Joachim Hebeler
Pascal Maier
Alexander Kotz
Christian Koos
Akanksha Bhutani
Thomas Zwick
On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz
IEEE Access
3D printing
mmWave antennas
antenna measurement
title On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz
title_full On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz
title_fullStr On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz
title_full_unstemmed On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz
title_short On-Chip CMOS Shorted Bow-Tie Antenna Enhanced by 3D Printed Parasitic Resonator Operating Around 246 GHz
title_sort on chip cmos shorted bow tie antenna enhanced by 3d printed parasitic resonator operating around 246 ghz
topic 3D printing
mmWave antennas
antenna measurement
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10960672/
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