Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP) and hydrated with chitosan solution denoted MTA-ZnO/Ch is a strategy to solve the MTA limitations as a pulp capping material in root canal therapy. MTA materials with high antibacterial activity and antibiotic delivery are bei...

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Main Authors: Ismi Khuzaimah, Sri Juari Santosa, Fajar Inggit Pambudi, Dyah Irnawati, Nuryono Nuryono
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade Estadual Paulista 2025-07-01
Series:Brazilian Dental Science
Online Access:https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4595
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author Ismi Khuzaimah
Sri Juari Santosa
Fajar Inggit Pambudi
Dyah Irnawati
Nuryono Nuryono
author_facet Ismi Khuzaimah
Sri Juari Santosa
Fajar Inggit Pambudi
Dyah Irnawati
Nuryono Nuryono
author_sort Ismi Khuzaimah
collection DOAJ
description Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP) and hydrated with chitosan solution denoted MTA-ZnO/Ch is a strategy to solve the MTA limitations as a pulp capping material in root canal therapy. MTA materials with high antibacterial activity and antibiotic delivery are being developed. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of various antibiotic additions to MTA-ZnO/Ch on mechanical and antibacterial activities. Material and Methods: The ZnONP, 5% (w/w), was added during preparing MTA, and the resulting gel was calcined at 1000 °C to obtain MTA-ZnO. The MTA-ZnO was hydrated with 4% chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution containing antibiotics (tetracycline, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and ampicillin) at a 1:1 ratio to produce MTA-ZnO/Ch-AB. The properties studied included compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, radiopacity, mass loss percentage, pH change, and antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Results: The synthesized MTA-ZnO/Ch has a compact structure, large surface area, and mesopore distribution with an average particle size of 747.04 nm. Among antibiotics investigated, only tetracycline improved the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of MTA-ZnO/Ch. Adding all investigated antibiotics did not affect the mass loss percentage (except for tetracycline reducing the mass loss), radiopacity, and the pH of the MTA-ZnO/Ch immersed saliva. Except for ampicillin addition against E. faecalis, which did not show antibacterial activity, antibiotics added to MTA-ZnO/Ch improved antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, Conclusion: Adding tetracycline in MTA-ZnO/Ch enhanced physicochemical and antibacterial properties, and it can potentially be a conservative pulp therapy material. KEYWORDS Antibacterial; Antibiotics; Chitosan; Mineral trioxide aggregate; ZnO nanoparticles.
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spelling doaj-art-b54f980892064f408b028babb593e0fa2025-08-21T13:50:34ZengUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilian Dental Science2178-60112025-07-0128210.4322/bds.2025.e4595Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solutionIsmi Khuzaimah0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4358-2109Sri Juari Santosa1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6627-6806Fajar Inggit Pambudi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8333-7826Dyah Irnawati3https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6762-0859Nuryono Nuryono4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6681-4128Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Biomaterial. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry. Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP) and hydrated with chitosan solution denoted MTA-ZnO/Ch is a strategy to solve the MTA limitations as a pulp capping material in root canal therapy. MTA materials with high antibacterial activity and antibiotic delivery are being developed. Objective: This study evaluated the effect of various antibiotic additions to MTA-ZnO/Ch on mechanical and antibacterial activities. Material and Methods: The ZnONP, 5% (w/w), was added during preparing MTA, and the resulting gel was calcined at 1000 °C to obtain MTA-ZnO. The MTA-ZnO was hydrated with 4% chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution containing antibiotics (tetracycline, metronidazole, amoxicillin, and ampicillin) at a 1:1 ratio to produce MTA-ZnO/Ch-AB. The properties studied included compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, radiopacity, mass loss percentage, pH change, and antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Results: The synthesized MTA-ZnO/Ch has a compact structure, large surface area, and mesopore distribution with an average particle size of 747.04 nm. Among antibiotics investigated, only tetracycline improved the compressive and diametral tensile strengths of MTA-ZnO/Ch. Adding all investigated antibiotics did not affect the mass loss percentage (except for tetracycline reducing the mass loss), radiopacity, and the pH of the MTA-ZnO/Ch immersed saliva. Except for ampicillin addition against E. faecalis, which did not show antibacterial activity, antibiotics added to MTA-ZnO/Ch improved antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, Conclusion: Adding tetracycline in MTA-ZnO/Ch enhanced physicochemical and antibacterial properties, and it can potentially be a conservative pulp therapy material. KEYWORDS Antibacterial; Antibiotics; Chitosan; Mineral trioxide aggregate; ZnO nanoparticles. https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4595
spellingShingle Ismi Khuzaimah
Sri Juari Santosa
Fajar Inggit Pambudi
Dyah Irnawati
Nuryono Nuryono
Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution
Brazilian Dental Science
title Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution
title_full Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution
title_fullStr Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution
title_full_unstemmed Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution
title_short Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles-modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic/chitosan solution
title_sort physicochemical and antibacterial properties of zno nanoparticles modified mineral trioxide aggregate hydrated with antibiotic chitosan solution
url https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4595
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