Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogenic entity which determines inflammation and liver damage through complex immune mechanisms. Although progress has been made in managing the disease course, chronic infection still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality to this day. Because both ac...

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Main Authors: Sergiu Ioan Micu, Marilena Musat, Andrada Dumitru, Dan Nicolae Paduraru, Anca Rogoveanu, Anca Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Cristian Balalau, Roxana Emanuela Popoiag
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-10-01
Series:Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
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Online Access:https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1239&context=jmms
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author Sergiu Ioan Micu
Marilena Musat
Andrada Dumitru
Dan Nicolae Paduraru
Anca Rogoveanu
Anca Dumitriu
Stana Paunica
Cristian Balalau
Roxana Emanuela Popoiag
author_facet Sergiu Ioan Micu
Marilena Musat
Andrada Dumitru
Dan Nicolae Paduraru
Anca Rogoveanu
Anca Dumitriu
Stana Paunica
Cristian Balalau
Roxana Emanuela Popoiag
author_sort Sergiu Ioan Micu
collection DOAJ
description Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogenic entity which determines inflammation and liver damage through complex immune mechanisms. Although progress has been made in managing the disease course, chronic infection still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality to this day. Because both acute and chronic infection are often asymptomatic, chronic infection is frequently diagnosed when its complications have developed. In a small proportion of cases, the chronic infection does not develop, the immune system managing to cleanse the body from this silent pathogen in the absence of specific treatment, a process called spontaneous viral clearance, which occurs rarely, in about 20-30 % of cases. A competent immune response that manages to eliminate the virus from the organism was associated with IL-28B genetic polymorphism, female gender, young age, which often lead to clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis after initial exposure. Environmental factors such as limited viral exposure also play an important role. These factors and the mechanisms underlying spontaneous clearance are not fully understood but their action is complementary. In this paper, we review the concept of spontaneous clearance of HCV and assess the factors that have been associated with this clinical outcome of the infection.
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spelling doaj-art-b54dcc2cef424d51abcafbf3ee918b532025-08-20T03:06:13ZengMDPI AGJournal of Mind and Medical Sciences2392-76742392-76742020-10-017215616110.22543/7674.72.P156161Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearanceSergiu Ioan Micu0Marilena MusatAndrada DumitruDan Nicolae PaduraruAnca RogoveanuAnca DumitriuStana PaunicaCristian BalalauRoxana Emanuela PopoiagEMERGENCY HOSPITAL OF CONSTANTA, DEPARTMENT OF GASTROENTEROLOGY, CONSTANTA, ROMANIAHepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogenic entity which determines inflammation and liver damage through complex immune mechanisms. Although progress has been made in managing the disease course, chronic infection still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality to this day. Because both acute and chronic infection are often asymptomatic, chronic infection is frequently diagnosed when its complications have developed. In a small proportion of cases, the chronic infection does not develop, the immune system managing to cleanse the body from this silent pathogen in the absence of specific treatment, a process called spontaneous viral clearance, which occurs rarely, in about 20-30 % of cases. A competent immune response that manages to eliminate the virus from the organism was associated with IL-28B genetic polymorphism, female gender, young age, which often lead to clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis after initial exposure. Environmental factors such as limited viral exposure also play an important role. These factors and the mechanisms underlying spontaneous clearance are not fully understood but their action is complementary. In this paper, we review the concept of spontaneous clearance of HCV and assess the factors that have been associated with this clinical outcome of the infection.https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1239&context=jmmshepatitis cliver diseasespontaneous clearance
spellingShingle Sergiu Ioan Micu
Marilena Musat
Andrada Dumitru
Dan Nicolae Paduraru
Anca Rogoveanu
Anca Dumitriu
Stana Paunica
Cristian Balalau
Roxana Emanuela Popoiag
Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences
hepatitis c
liver disease
spontaneous clearance
title Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
title_full Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
title_fullStr Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
title_short Hepatitis C virus: host, environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
title_sort hepatitis c virus host environmental and viral factors promoting spontaneous clearance
topic hepatitis c
liver disease
spontaneous clearance
url https://scholar.valpo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1239&context=jmms
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