Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is emerging as a key technology for future wireless networks, particularly in millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. In this paper, we present a non-uniform sub-connected hybrid beamforming (NSC-HBF) system that enables the implementation of the difference co-array for the underdet...

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Main Authors: Yu-Chen Liu, Hsuan-Jung Su, Yasuhiro Takano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10891408/
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author Yu-Chen Liu
Hsuan-Jung Su
Yasuhiro Takano
author_facet Yu-Chen Liu
Hsuan-Jung Su
Yasuhiro Takano
author_sort Yu-Chen Liu
collection DOAJ
description Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is emerging as a key technology for future wireless networks, particularly in millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. In this paper, we present a non-uniform sub-connected hybrid beamforming (NSC-HBF) system that enables the implementation of the difference co-array for the underdetermined angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation. We propose a broad beam synthesis technique to mitigate performance degradation caused by uneven analog combining gains. To further enhance estimation efficiency, we modified the co-array least mean squares (co-array LMS) method by directly solving the least-squares problem to determine the filter weights. The proposed method reduces computational complexity and eliminates iterative procedures for faster processing. Our numerical results demonstrate the pseudo-spectrum and detection performance for both pencil and broad beams, highlighting the importance of analog combining codebook design. Additionally, the proposed method achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to the co-array root-LMS.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2644-125X
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
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series IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
spelling doaj-art-b545fecf9c5b4799b2b6ad4be31d82132025-08-20T03:18:15ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society2644-125X2025-01-0161485149610.1109/OJCOMS.2025.354284310891408Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming SystemsYu-Chen Liu0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2718-6610Hsuan-Jung Su1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-1393Yasuhiro Takano2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-8368Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Information Systems Engineering, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, JapanHybrid beamforming (HBF) is emerging as a key technology for future wireless networks, particularly in millimeter wave (mmWave) bands. In this paper, we present a non-uniform sub-connected hybrid beamforming (NSC-HBF) system that enables the implementation of the difference co-array for the underdetermined angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation. We propose a broad beam synthesis technique to mitigate performance degradation caused by uneven analog combining gains. To further enhance estimation efficiency, we modified the co-array least mean squares (co-array LMS) method by directly solving the least-squares problem to determine the filter weights. The proposed method reduces computational complexity and eliminates iterative procedures for faster processing. Our numerical results demonstrate the pseudo-spectrum and detection performance for both pencil and broad beams, highlighting the importance of analog combining codebook design. Additionally, the proposed method achieves higher estimation accuracy compared to the co-array root-LMS.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10891408/Nested arrayHBFNSC-HBFunderdetermined AOA estimation
spellingShingle Yu-Chen Liu
Hsuan-Jung Su
Yasuhiro Takano
Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems
IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society
Nested array
HBF
NSC-HBF
underdetermined AOA estimation
title Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems
title_full Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems
title_fullStr Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems
title_full_unstemmed Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems
title_short Underdetermined AOA Estimation Using Non-Uniform Sub-Connected Hybrid Beamforming Systems
title_sort underdetermined aoa estimation using non uniform sub connected hybrid beamforming systems
topic Nested array
HBF
NSC-HBF
underdetermined AOA estimation
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10891408/
work_keys_str_mv AT yuchenliu underdeterminedaoaestimationusingnonuniformsubconnectedhybridbeamformingsystems
AT hsuanjungsu underdeterminedaoaestimationusingnonuniformsubconnectedhybridbeamformingsystems
AT yasuhirotakano underdeterminedaoaestimationusingnonuniformsubconnectedhybridbeamformingsystems