Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm
This paper proposes a novel sparse array design and an efficient algorithm for two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation. By analyzing the hole distribution in coprime arrays and introducing supplementary elements, we design a Complementary Coprime Planar Array (CCPA) that strategical...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1456 |
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| author | Yunhe Shi Xiaofei Zhang Shengxinlai Han |
| author_facet | Yunhe Shi Xiaofei Zhang Shengxinlai Han |
| author_sort | Yunhe Shi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper proposes a novel sparse array design and an efficient algorithm for two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation. By analyzing the hole distribution in coprime arrays and introducing supplementary elements, we design a Complementary Coprime Planar Array (CCPA) that strategically fills key holes in the virtual array. This design enhances the array’s continuous Degrees Of Freedom (DOFs) and virtual aperture, achieving improved performance in 2D-DOA estimation with fewer physical elements. The virtualization of the array further increases the available DOFs, while the hole-filling strategy ensures better spatial coverage and continuity. On the algorithmic side, we introduce a dimensionality-reduction root MUSIC algorithm tailored for uniform planar arrays after virtualization. By decomposing the two-dimensional spectral peak search into two one-dimensional polynomial root-finding problems, the proposed method significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining high estimation accuracy. This approach effectively mitigates the challenges of 2D peak search, making it computationally efficient without sacrificing precision. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed array and algorithm, including higher DOFs, reduced complexity, and superior estimation performance compared to existing methods. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in advancing sparse array design and signal processing for 2D-DOA estimation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b54343cacf9345118ee7d4ef7f32759b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-b54343cacf9345118ee7d4ef7f32759b2025-08-20T02:59:12ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-02-01255145610.3390/s25051456Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC AlgorithmYunhe Shi0Xiaofei Zhang1Shengxinlai Han2College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaCollege of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, ChinaThis paper proposes a novel sparse array design and an efficient algorithm for two-dimensional direction-of-arrival (2D-DOA) estimation. By analyzing the hole distribution in coprime arrays and introducing supplementary elements, we design a Complementary Coprime Planar Array (CCPA) that strategically fills key holes in the virtual array. This design enhances the array’s continuous Degrees Of Freedom (DOFs) and virtual aperture, achieving improved performance in 2D-DOA estimation with fewer physical elements. The virtualization of the array further increases the available DOFs, while the hole-filling strategy ensures better spatial coverage and continuity. On the algorithmic side, we introduce a dimensionality-reduction root MUSIC algorithm tailored for uniform planar arrays after virtualization. By decomposing the two-dimensional spectral peak search into two one-dimensional polynomial root-finding problems, the proposed method significantly reduces computational complexity while maintaining high estimation accuracy. This approach effectively mitigates the challenges of 2D peak search, making it computationally efficient without sacrificing precision. Extensive simulations demonstrate the advantages of the proposed array and algorithm, including higher DOFs, reduced complexity, and superior estimation performance compared to existing methods. These results validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in advancing sparse array design and signal processing for 2D-DOA estimation.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1456sparse array design2-D DOA estimationcoprime planar arrayarray signal processingdegrees of freedom (DOFs) |
| spellingShingle | Yunhe Shi Xiaofei Zhang Shengxinlai Han Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm Sensors sparse array design 2-D DOA estimation coprime planar array array signal processing degrees of freedom (DOFs) |
| title | Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm |
| title_full | Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm |
| title_short | Two-Dimensional DOA Estimation for Coprime Planar Arrays: From Array Structure Design to Dimensionality-Reduction Root MUSIC Algorithm |
| title_sort | two dimensional doa estimation for coprime planar arrays from array structure design to dimensionality reduction root music algorithm |
| topic | sparse array design 2-D DOA estimation coprime planar array array signal processing degrees of freedom (DOFs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/5/1456 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yunheshi twodimensionaldoaestimationforcoprimeplanararraysfromarraystructuredesigntodimensionalityreductionrootmusicalgorithm AT xiaofeizhang twodimensionaldoaestimationforcoprimeplanararraysfromarraystructuredesigntodimensionalityreductionrootmusicalgorithm AT shengxinlaihan twodimensionaldoaestimationforcoprimeplanararraysfromarraystructuredesigntodimensionalityreductionrootmusicalgorithm |