Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia

Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data, constructed for 106 locations in Indonesia in 2024, lacks wind direction components, which are essential for passive cooling design in buildings and promoting energy efficiency. This study addresses gaps in wind data using bias-corrected ERA5 reanalysis data a...

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Main Authors: Yuda I Wayan Andi, Dzarilarham Shohibu, Nimiya Hideyo, Arya Putra I Dewa Gede, Perdana Reza Bayu, Kubota Tetsu, Lee Han Soo, Alfata Muhammad Nur Fajri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: EDP Sciences 2025-01-01
Series:E3S Web of Conferences
Online Access:https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/34/e3sconf_fcee2025_02002.pdf
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author Yuda I Wayan Andi
Dzarilarham Shohibu
Nimiya Hideyo
Arya Putra I Dewa Gede
Perdana Reza Bayu
Kubota Tetsu
Lee Han Soo
Alfata Muhammad Nur Fajri
author_facet Yuda I Wayan Andi
Dzarilarham Shohibu
Nimiya Hideyo
Arya Putra I Dewa Gede
Perdana Reza Bayu
Kubota Tetsu
Lee Han Soo
Alfata Muhammad Nur Fajri
author_sort Yuda I Wayan Andi
collection DOAJ
description Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data, constructed for 106 locations in Indonesia in 2024, lacks wind direction components, which are essential for passive cooling design in buildings and promoting energy efficiency. This study addresses gaps in wind data using bias-corrected ERA5 reanalysis data and the Monte Carlo method. Wind data from 106 Indonesian stations (2011-2020) had 30-48% missing hourly values, which were addressed through three proposed gap-filling techniques: (1) Using ERA5 wind speed-debias and the Monte Carlo Method to simulate wind directions; (2) Retaining original ERA5 U and V components, applying bias corrections, and converting back to wind speed and direction; and (3) Applying the same technique to ERA5-Land data, with higher spatial resolution. Model verification involved wind rose diagrams, circular correlation, RMSE, and MBE. The first technique showed the best performance in 106 locations with a correlation range of 0.09 to 0.8, an average RMSE of 64°, and an average MBE of 40°. This technique was chosen to fill gaps in wind direction data, reconstructing TMY wind direction data. Results indicated dominant wind directions from East (19.8%), West (15.09%), South (12.26%), and North (11.3%) with significant regional variations in Indonesia.
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series E3S Web of Conferences
spelling doaj-art-b5402d638e3e4a2490317feedd33ce962025-08-20T03:34:52ZengEDP SciencesE3S Web of Conferences2267-12422025-01-016340200210.1051/e3sconf/202563402002e3sconf_fcee2025_02002Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in IndonesiaYuda I Wayan Andi0Dzarilarham Shohibu1Nimiya Hideyo2Arya Putra I Dewa Gede3Perdana Reza Bayu4Kubota Tetsu5Lee Han Soo6Alfata Muhammad Nur Fajri7Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima UniversityGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima UniversityGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima UniversityIndonesian Agency for Meteorological Climatological and Geophysics (BMKG)Indonesian Agency for Meteorological Climatological and Geophysics (BMKG)Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima UniversityGraduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima UniversityDivision of Building Sciences, Directorate Engineering Affairs for Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works, and Housing (PUPR)Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) data, constructed for 106 locations in Indonesia in 2024, lacks wind direction components, which are essential for passive cooling design in buildings and promoting energy efficiency. This study addresses gaps in wind data using bias-corrected ERA5 reanalysis data and the Monte Carlo method. Wind data from 106 Indonesian stations (2011-2020) had 30-48% missing hourly values, which were addressed through three proposed gap-filling techniques: (1) Using ERA5 wind speed-debias and the Monte Carlo Method to simulate wind directions; (2) Retaining original ERA5 U and V components, applying bias corrections, and converting back to wind speed and direction; and (3) Applying the same technique to ERA5-Land data, with higher spatial resolution. Model verification involved wind rose diagrams, circular correlation, RMSE, and MBE. The first technique showed the best performance in 106 locations with a correlation range of 0.09 to 0.8, an average RMSE of 64°, and an average MBE of 40°. This technique was chosen to fill gaps in wind direction data, reconstructing TMY wind direction data. Results indicated dominant wind directions from East (19.8%), West (15.09%), South (12.26%), and North (11.3%) with significant regional variations in Indonesia.https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/34/e3sconf_fcee2025_02002.pdf
spellingShingle Yuda I Wayan Andi
Dzarilarham Shohibu
Nimiya Hideyo
Arya Putra I Dewa Gede
Perdana Reza Bayu
Kubota Tetsu
Lee Han Soo
Alfata Muhammad Nur Fajri
Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia
E3S Web of Conferences
title Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia
title_full Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia
title_fullStr Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia
title_full_unstemmed Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia
title_short Gap-filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in Indonesia
title_sort gap filling method of measured wind data for passive cooling in indonesia
url https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/34/e3sconf_fcee2025_02002.pdf
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