Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco
Abstract This study, conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Salé, Morocco, examines variations in black carbon (BC) and fine particles PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) concentrations. A BC1054 monitor equipped with a PM2.5 sampling head was utilized for BC2.5 (BC mass concentration i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230297 |
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| author | Anas Otmani Abdeslam Lachhab Abdelfettah Benchrif Mounia Tahri Mohamed Azougagh Mohammed El Bouch El Mahjoub Chakir |
| author_facet | Anas Otmani Abdeslam Lachhab Abdelfettah Benchrif Mounia Tahri Mohamed Azougagh Mohammed El Bouch El Mahjoub Chakir |
| author_sort | Anas Otmani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study, conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Salé, Morocco, examines variations in black carbon (BC) and fine particles PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) concentrations. A BC1054 monitor equipped with a PM2.5 sampling head was utilized for BC2.5 (BC mass concentration in PM2.5) analysis, while DA80 sampler equipped with a PM10 sampling head was utilized for PM10 and a Multi-Wavelength Absorption Black Carbon Instrument (MABI) was employed for BC10 (BC mass concentration in PM10) analysis. The study centered on the repercussions of fossil fuel combustion (BCFF specifically, emissions from traffic) and biomass burning (BCBB Consisting of forest fires and agricultural burning) on BC2.5 levels. Seasonal reliance was noted in both BC10 and PM10, with yearly BC10 averages fluctuating between 5.2 ± 3.2 μg m-3. Particularly, BC10 constituted roughly 16 ± 6% of PM10 mass. PM10 levels peaked in autumn and winter, with an examination of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM10 fluctuations. Analysis of BC2.5 diurnal patterns unveiled notable peaks during morning and evening rush hours, reaching a peak of 2.6 μg m-3. This observation, in conjunction with the identified disparities in BC levels between PM10 and PM2.5 fractions (BC2.5/BC10 ratio of 13 ± 4%), underscores the significance of accounting for particle size in appraising air quality. The primary origin of BC2.5 emissions was found to be traffic, making a substantial contribution to overall concentrations. Conversely, biomass burning represented approximately 19% of BC emissions. These results enhance our comprehension of air quality dynamics in Salé. Particle size examination is important for understanding emission sources. Seasonal variations, wind patterns, and human activities affect air quality. Mitigating traffic emissions and promoting alternative energy sources can improve air quality in Salé. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the relationship between factors and BC concentrations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b53c19afc32049f4bc35b58265fd2a19 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b53c19afc32049f4bc35b58265fd2a192025-02-09T12:24:35ZengSpringerAerosol and Air Quality Research1680-85842071-14092024-07-0124911710.4209/aaqr.230297Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, MoroccoAnas Otmani0Abdeslam Lachhab1Abdelfettah Benchrif2Mounia Tahri3Mohamed Azougagh4Mohammed El Bouch5El Mahjoub Chakir6Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail UniversityFaculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail UniversityNational Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN)National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN)ENSAM - Mohammed V University RabatNational Laboratory for Studies and Pollution Monitoring (LNESP)Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail UniversityAbstract This study, conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Salé, Morocco, examines variations in black carbon (BC) and fine particles PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) concentrations. A BC1054 monitor equipped with a PM2.5 sampling head was utilized for BC2.5 (BC mass concentration in PM2.5) analysis, while DA80 sampler equipped with a PM10 sampling head was utilized for PM10 and a Multi-Wavelength Absorption Black Carbon Instrument (MABI) was employed for BC10 (BC mass concentration in PM10) analysis. The study centered on the repercussions of fossil fuel combustion (BCFF specifically, emissions from traffic) and biomass burning (BCBB Consisting of forest fires and agricultural burning) on BC2.5 levels. Seasonal reliance was noted in both BC10 and PM10, with yearly BC10 averages fluctuating between 5.2 ± 3.2 μg m-3. Particularly, BC10 constituted roughly 16 ± 6% of PM10 mass. PM10 levels peaked in autumn and winter, with an examination of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM10 fluctuations. Analysis of BC2.5 diurnal patterns unveiled notable peaks during morning and evening rush hours, reaching a peak of 2.6 μg m-3. This observation, in conjunction with the identified disparities in BC levels between PM10 and PM2.5 fractions (BC2.5/BC10 ratio of 13 ± 4%), underscores the significance of accounting for particle size in appraising air quality. The primary origin of BC2.5 emissions was found to be traffic, making a substantial contribution to overall concentrations. Conversely, biomass burning represented approximately 19% of BC emissions. These results enhance our comprehension of air quality dynamics in Salé. Particle size examination is important for understanding emission sources. Seasonal variations, wind patterns, and human activities affect air quality. Mitigating traffic emissions and promoting alternative energy sources can improve air quality in Salé. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the relationship between factors and BC concentrations.https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230297Source apportionmentBiomass burningFossil fuelFine particles |
| spellingShingle | Anas Otmani Abdeslam Lachhab Abdelfettah Benchrif Mounia Tahri Mohamed Azougagh Mohammed El Bouch El Mahjoub Chakir Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco Aerosol and Air Quality Research Source apportionment Biomass burning Fossil fuel Fine particles |
| title | Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco |
| title_full | Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco |
| title_fullStr | Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco |
| title_short | Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco |
| title_sort | sub seasonal patterns of pm10 and black carbon in a coastal city a case study of sale morocco |
| topic | Source apportionment Biomass burning Fossil fuel Fine particles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230297 |
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