Sub-seasonal Patterns of PM10 and Black Carbon in a Coastal City: A Case Study of Salé, Morocco
Abstract This study, conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Salé, Morocco, examines variations in black carbon (BC) and fine particles PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) concentrations. A BC1054 monitor equipped with a PM2.5 sampling head was utilized for BC2.5 (BC mass concentration i...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Aerosol and Air Quality Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.230297 |
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| Summary: | Abstract This study, conducted from 2020 to 2021 in Salé, Morocco, examines variations in black carbon (BC) and fine particles PM10 (particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometer) concentrations. A BC1054 monitor equipped with a PM2.5 sampling head was utilized for BC2.5 (BC mass concentration in PM2.5) analysis, while DA80 sampler equipped with a PM10 sampling head was utilized for PM10 and a Multi-Wavelength Absorption Black Carbon Instrument (MABI) was employed for BC10 (BC mass concentration in PM10) analysis. The study centered on the repercussions of fossil fuel combustion (BCFF specifically, emissions from traffic) and biomass burning (BCBB Consisting of forest fires and agricultural burning) on BC2.5 levels. Seasonal reliance was noted in both BC10 and PM10, with yearly BC10 averages fluctuating between 5.2 ± 3.2 μg m-3. Particularly, BC10 constituted roughly 16 ± 6% of PM10 mass. PM10 levels peaked in autumn and winter, with an examination of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM10 fluctuations. Analysis of BC2.5 diurnal patterns unveiled notable peaks during morning and evening rush hours, reaching a peak of 2.6 μg m-3. This observation, in conjunction with the identified disparities in BC levels between PM10 and PM2.5 fractions (BC2.5/BC10 ratio of 13 ± 4%), underscores the significance of accounting for particle size in appraising air quality. The primary origin of BC2.5 emissions was found to be traffic, making a substantial contribution to overall concentrations. Conversely, biomass burning represented approximately 19% of BC emissions. These results enhance our comprehension of air quality dynamics in Salé. Particle size examination is important for understanding emission sources. Seasonal variations, wind patterns, and human activities affect air quality. Mitigating traffic emissions and promoting alternative energy sources can improve air quality in Salé. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the relationship between factors and BC concentrations. |
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| ISSN: | 1680-8584 2071-1409 |