Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area
Compounds in sand fly saliva elicit specific immune responses that may play a role in the establishment of canine <i>Leishmania</i> infection. Although canine antibodies to anti-sand fly saliva antigens have been extensively studied, little is known about cellular immune responses agains...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Núria Balsells-Aguilar Maria Magdalena Alcover Marta Baxarias Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández Lourdes Alarcón Petra Sumova Petr Volf Laia Solano-Gallego |
| author_facet | Núria Balsells-Aguilar Maria Magdalena Alcover Marta Baxarias Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández Lourdes Alarcón Petra Sumova Petr Volf Laia Solano-Gallego |
| author_sort | Núria Balsells-Aguilar |
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| description | Compounds in sand fly saliva elicit specific immune responses that may play a role in the establishment of canine <i>Leishmania</i> infection. Although canine antibodies to anti-sand fly saliva antigens have been extensively studied, little is known about cellular immune responses against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> salivary proteins. This study aimed to explore humoral and T-cell-mediated immunity against <i>P. perniciosus</i> salivary proteins in dogs (n = 85) from Mallorca (Spain), a leishmaniosis-endemic area, and find correlations with demographic (age, sex, and breed) and parasite-specific immunological parameters. Anti-sand fly saliva IgG was examined using a <i>P. perniciosus</i> whole salivary gland homogenate (SGH) ELISA and recombinant salivary protein rSP03B ELISA. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release whole blood assays with <i>L. infantum</i> soluble antigen (LSA), SGH, and rSP03B were also performed. Positive correlations were found between IgG levels in the SGH and rSP03B tests and between concentrations of SGH IFN-γ and rSP03B IFN-γ. While concentrations of SGH IFN-γ and rSP03B IFN-γ were low and produced only by a minority of dogs (less than 20%), high levels and frequencies of LSA IFN-γ as well as anti-saliva IgG for SGH and rSP03B were detected in a majority of dogs (61% and 75%, respectively). LSA IFN-γ levels were positively correlated with age and <i>Leishmania</i>-specific antibodies. In conclusion, dogs from a leishmaniosis-endemic area presented high humoral immunity against <i>P. perniciosus</i> salivary proteins, but their cellular immunity to these proteins was low and less frequent. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b53a586e05ee4e8599c62d7875a06b81 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-b53a586e05ee4e8599c62d7875a06b812025-08-20T03:16:21ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-06-0114657610.3390/pathogens14060576Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic AreaNúria Balsells-Aguilar0Maria Magdalena Alcover1Marta Baxarias2Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández3Lourdes Alarcón4Petra Sumova5Petr Volf6Laia Solano-Gallego7Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainSecció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Salut i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainDepartament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainDepartament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12800 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainCompounds in sand fly saliva elicit specific immune responses that may play a role in the establishment of canine <i>Leishmania</i> infection. Although canine antibodies to anti-sand fly saliva antigens have been extensively studied, little is known about cellular immune responses against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> salivary proteins. This study aimed to explore humoral and T-cell-mediated immunity against <i>P. perniciosus</i> salivary proteins in dogs (n = 85) from Mallorca (Spain), a leishmaniosis-endemic area, and find correlations with demographic (age, sex, and breed) and parasite-specific immunological parameters. Anti-sand fly saliva IgG was examined using a <i>P. perniciosus</i> whole salivary gland homogenate (SGH) ELISA and recombinant salivary protein rSP03B ELISA. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release whole blood assays with <i>L. infantum</i> soluble antigen (LSA), SGH, and rSP03B were also performed. Positive correlations were found between IgG levels in the SGH and rSP03B tests and between concentrations of SGH IFN-γ and rSP03B IFN-γ. While concentrations of SGH IFN-γ and rSP03B IFN-γ were low and produced only by a minority of dogs (less than 20%), high levels and frequencies of LSA IFN-γ as well as anti-saliva IgG for SGH and rSP03B were detected in a majority of dogs (61% and 75%, respectively). LSA IFN-γ levels were positively correlated with age and <i>Leishmania</i>-specific antibodies. In conclusion, dogs from a leishmaniosis-endemic area presented high humoral immunity against <i>P. perniciosus</i> salivary proteins, but their cellular immunity to these proteins was low and less frequent.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/576anti-saliva antibodiescanine<i>Leishmania infantum</i>recombinant salivary proteinsspecific <i>P. perniciosus</i> saliva IFN-γ |
| spellingShingle | Núria Balsells-Aguilar Maria Magdalena Alcover Marta Baxarias Alejandra Álvarez-Fernández Lourdes Alarcón Petra Sumova Petr Volf Laia Solano-Gallego Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area Pathogens anti-saliva antibodies canine <i>Leishmania infantum</i> recombinant salivary proteins specific <i>P. perniciosus</i> saliva IFN-γ |
| title | Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area |
| title_full | Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area |
| title_fullStr | Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area |
| title_full_unstemmed | Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area |
| title_short | Humoral and T-Cell-Mediated Immunity Against <i>Phlebotomus perniciosus</i> Salivary Proteins in Dogs from a Leishmaniosis-Endemic Area |
| title_sort | humoral and t cell mediated immunity against i phlebotomus perniciosus i salivary proteins in dogs from a leishmaniosis endemic area |
| topic | anti-saliva antibodies canine <i>Leishmania infantum</i> recombinant salivary proteins specific <i>P. perniciosus</i> saliva IFN-γ |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/6/576 |
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