Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents

Research shows that the way people define a good citizen can influence their political participation. However, the well-known binary concept of ‘engaged’ and ‘duty-based’ citizenship, used in mass surveys, does not apply to the majority of studied populations; therefore, its usefulness can be disput...

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Main Authors: Weronika Najda, Stuart Hanmer-Lloyd
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Societies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/3/73
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author Weronika Najda
Stuart Hanmer-Lloyd
author_facet Weronika Najda
Stuart Hanmer-Lloyd
author_sort Weronika Najda
collection DOAJ
description Research shows that the way people define a good citizen can influence their political participation. However, the well-known binary concept of ‘engaged’ and ‘duty-based’ citizenship, used in mass surveys, does not apply to the majority of studied populations; therefore, its usefulness can be disputed. Such social norms of citizenship can also change over time and this process can be profound in countries that undergo a political system change, like Poland in the 1980–90s. To gain insight into how Poles understand citizenship, and how the engaged/duty-based concept applies to them, we interviewed 32 Poles—young people and their parents. Our analysis shows that the standard conceptualisation would have not accounted for two key elements of our participants’ understanding of citizenship—a ‘character’ and a ‘patriotic’ component. This finding demonstrates the continuing impact of moral values and the salience of the national context. In particular, parents and inactive young people based their definitions on these two components. Active young people, on the other hand, chose all-encompassing citizenship norms, mixing engaged, duty-based, patriotic and character elements in their normative repertoire.
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spelling doaj-art-b524f2686f704d9db64ce12c1b8b19712025-08-20T01:48:46ZengMDPI AGSocieties2075-46982025-03-011537310.3390/soc15030073Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their ParentsWeronika Najda0Stuart Hanmer-Lloyd1The Gloucestershire Business School, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UKThe Gloucestershire Business School, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL2 9HW, UKResearch shows that the way people define a good citizen can influence their political participation. However, the well-known binary concept of ‘engaged’ and ‘duty-based’ citizenship, used in mass surveys, does not apply to the majority of studied populations; therefore, its usefulness can be disputed. Such social norms of citizenship can also change over time and this process can be profound in countries that undergo a political system change, like Poland in the 1980–90s. To gain insight into how Poles understand citizenship, and how the engaged/duty-based concept applies to them, we interviewed 32 Poles—young people and their parents. Our analysis shows that the standard conceptualisation would have not accounted for two key elements of our participants’ understanding of citizenship—a ‘character’ and a ‘patriotic’ component. This finding demonstrates the continuing impact of moral values and the salience of the national context. In particular, parents and inactive young people based their definitions on these two components. Active young people, on the other hand, chose all-encompassing citizenship norms, mixing engaged, duty-based, patriotic and character elements in their normative repertoire.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/3/73citizenship normspolitical participationPoland
spellingShingle Weronika Najda
Stuart Hanmer-Lloyd
Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
Societies
citizenship norms
political participation
Poland
title Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
title_full Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
title_fullStr Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
title_full_unstemmed Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
title_short Expanding the Conceptualisations of Citizenship Norms—A Qualitative Study of Young Poles and Their Parents
title_sort expanding the conceptualisations of citizenship norms a qualitative study of young poles and their parents
topic citizenship norms
political participation
Poland
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/15/3/73
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