Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method

The accurate forecasting of time, intensity, and spatial distribution is fundamental to weather prediction. However, the limitations of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, as well as uncertainties in inital conditions, often lead to temporal biases in forecasts. This study addresses these bia...

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Main Authors: Xingtao Song, Wei Han, Haofei Sun, Hao Wang, Xiaofeng Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/617
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author Xingtao Song
Wei Han
Haofei Sun
Hao Wang
Xiaofeng Xu
author_facet Xingtao Song
Wei Han
Haofei Sun
Hao Wang
Xiaofeng Xu
author_sort Xingtao Song
collection DOAJ
description The accurate forecasting of time, intensity, and spatial distribution is fundamental to weather prediction. However, the limitations of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, as well as uncertainties in inital conditions, often lead to temporal biases in forecasts. This study addresses these biases by employing visible reflectance data from the Himawari-9/AHI satellite and RTTOV (TOVS radiation transfer) simulations derived from CMA-MESO model outputs. The time-shift method was applied to analyze two precipitation events—20 October 2023 and 30 April 2024—in order to assess its impact on precipitation forecasts. The results indicate the following: (1) the time-shift method improved cloud simulations, necessitating a 30 min advance for Case 1 and a 3.5 h delay for Case 2; (2) time-shifting reduced the standard deviation of observation-minus-background (OMB) bias in certain regions and enhanced spatial uniformity; (3) the threat score (TS) demonstrated an improvement in forecast accuracy, particularly in cases exhibiting significant movement patterns. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the time-shift method effectively corrects temporal biases in NWP models, providing forecasters with a valuable tool to optimize predictions through the integration of high-temporal- and spatial-resolution visible light data, thereby leading to more accurate and reliable weather forecasts.
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spelling doaj-art-b51932809ff545e2b36943358483cf5a2025-08-20T02:03:30ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-02-0117461710.3390/rs17040617Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift MethodXingtao Song0Wei Han1Haofei Sun2Hao Wang3Xiaofeng Xu4School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, ChinaCMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre (CEMC), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaThe accurate forecasting of time, intensity, and spatial distribution is fundamental to weather prediction. However, the limitations of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, as well as uncertainties in inital conditions, often lead to temporal biases in forecasts. This study addresses these biases by employing visible reflectance data from the Himawari-9/AHI satellite and RTTOV (TOVS radiation transfer) simulations derived from CMA-MESO model outputs. The time-shift method was applied to analyze two precipitation events—20 October 2023 and 30 April 2024—in order to assess its impact on precipitation forecasts. The results indicate the following: (1) the time-shift method improved cloud simulations, necessitating a 30 min advance for Case 1 and a 3.5 h delay for Case 2; (2) time-shifting reduced the standard deviation of observation-minus-background (OMB) bias in certain regions and enhanced spatial uniformity; (3) the threat score (TS) demonstrated an improvement in forecast accuracy, particularly in cases exhibiting significant movement patterns. The comparative analysis demonstrates that the time-shift method effectively corrects temporal biases in NWP models, providing forecasters with a valuable tool to optimize predictions through the integration of high-temporal- and spatial-resolution visible light data, thereby leading to more accurate and reliable weather forecasts.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/617Himawari-9CMA-MESOtime shift
spellingShingle Xingtao Song
Wei Han
Haofei Sun
Hao Wang
Xiaofeng Xu
Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method
Remote Sensing
Himawari-9
CMA-MESO
time shift
title Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method
title_full Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method
title_fullStr Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method
title_full_unstemmed Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method
title_short Correcting Forecast Time Biases in CMA-MESO Using Himawari-9 and Time-Shift Method
title_sort correcting forecast time biases in cma meso using himawari 9 and time shift method
topic Himawari-9
CMA-MESO
time shift
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/4/617
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