Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure

Abstract Nano-tendril bundles (NTBs) are clusters of fuzzy nanostructures that form on tungsten surfaces when they are exposed to helium plasmas under specific conditions, reaching lengths of over 100 µm. Tungsten samples with NTBs and fuzz were exposed to high-density hydrogen plasmas in the Upgrad...

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Main Authors: Dogyun Hwangbo, Shuangyuan Feng, Shin Kajita, Hirohiko Tanaka, Rongshi Zhang, Yuki Hayashi, Maria Morbey, Remco Timmer, Jordy Vernimmen, John Scholten, Thomas Morgan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92412-y
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author Dogyun Hwangbo
Shuangyuan Feng
Shin Kajita
Hirohiko Tanaka
Rongshi Zhang
Yuki Hayashi
Maria Morbey
Remco Timmer
Jordy Vernimmen
John Scholten
Thomas Morgan
author_facet Dogyun Hwangbo
Shuangyuan Feng
Shin Kajita
Hirohiko Tanaka
Rongshi Zhang
Yuki Hayashi
Maria Morbey
Remco Timmer
Jordy Vernimmen
John Scholten
Thomas Morgan
author_sort Dogyun Hwangbo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Nano-tendril bundles (NTBs) are clusters of fuzzy nanostructures that form on tungsten surfaces when they are exposed to helium plasmas under specific conditions, reaching lengths of over 100 µm. Tungsten samples with NTBs and fuzz were exposed to high-density hydrogen plasmas in the Upgraded Pilot-PSI linear plasma device to investigate their response, with a particular focus on unipolar arc ignition and hot spot formation. Although NTBs are prone to arcing due to their high field electron emission characteristics, unipolar arcs have never occurred on NTBs. Post-mortem analysis showed that the heights of the NTBs changed significantly during irradiation mainly due to rapid heating, and that these changes strongly influenced their interaction with high-density plasmas.
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issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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spelling doaj-art-b506f9e4e6b846d5a188d12b56a963ab2025-08-20T02:59:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-92412-yFormation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposureDogyun Hwangbo0Shuangyuan Feng1Shin Kajita2Hirohiko Tanaka3Rongshi Zhang4Yuki Hayashi5Maria Morbey6Remco Timmer7Jordy Vernimmen8John Scholten9Thomas Morgan10Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of TsukubaDivision of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Yamaguchi UniversityGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of TokyoGraduate School of Engineering, Nagoya UniversityGraduate School of Engineering, Nagoya UniversityGraduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of TokyoDIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy ResearchDIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy ResearchDIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy ResearchDIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy ResearchDIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy ResearchAbstract Nano-tendril bundles (NTBs) are clusters of fuzzy nanostructures that form on tungsten surfaces when they are exposed to helium plasmas under specific conditions, reaching lengths of over 100 µm. Tungsten samples with NTBs and fuzz were exposed to high-density hydrogen plasmas in the Upgraded Pilot-PSI linear plasma device to investigate their response, with a particular focus on unipolar arc ignition and hot spot formation. Although NTBs are prone to arcing due to their high field electron emission characteristics, unipolar arcs have never occurred on NTBs. Post-mortem analysis showed that the heights of the NTBs changed significantly during irradiation mainly due to rapid heating, and that these changes strongly influenced their interaction with high-density plasmas.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92412-yUnipolar arcingDivertorHot spotNanostructureTungsten
spellingShingle Dogyun Hwangbo
Shuangyuan Feng
Shin Kajita
Hirohiko Tanaka
Rongshi Zhang
Yuki Hayashi
Maria Morbey
Remco Timmer
Jordy Vernimmen
John Scholten
Thomas Morgan
Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure
Scientific Reports
Unipolar arcing
Divertor
Hot spot
Nanostructure
Tungsten
title Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure
title_full Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure
title_fullStr Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure
title_full_unstemmed Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure
title_short Formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano-tendril bundles under high-density hydrogen plasma exposure
title_sort formation of hot spots and arc ignition on tungsten with nano tendril bundles under high density hydrogen plasma exposure
topic Unipolar arcing
Divertor
Hot spot
Nanostructure
Tungsten
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92412-y
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