Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return

Game theory, or interactive decision-making theory, is a mathematical framework that helps predict the outcomes of a group of interacting agents. This research aims to design and describe strategic relations between managers and shareholders through signaling games. The study investigates the conseq...

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Main Authors: Zahra Moghadam, Hamzeh Didar, Kiumars Shahbazi, Ali Ebadian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 2025-04-01
Series:Iranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance
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Online Access:https://ijaaf.um.ac.ir/article_45778_4bcc29d80d95983e2ff464b50c071281.pdf
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author Zahra Moghadam
Hamzeh Didar
Kiumars Shahbazi
Ali Ebadian
author_facet Zahra Moghadam
Hamzeh Didar
Kiumars Shahbazi
Ali Ebadian
author_sort Zahra Moghadam
collection DOAJ
description Game theory, or interactive decision-making theory, is a mathematical framework that helps predict the outcomes of a group of interacting agents. This research aims to design and describe strategic relations between managers and shareholders through signaling games. The study investigates the consequences of choosing strategies by managers (high and low quality of information disclosure) and its relationship with the strategies chosen by shareholders (high and low expected return of shareholders) and (high and low quality of audit services) in companies with different levels of internal control establishment. The statistical population of research consists of all companies listed in the Tehran stock exchange market from 2012 to 2021. 114 companies were considered as a statistical sample of research. The study outcomes illustrate that Bayesian Nash equilibrium is established in the strategy (high-quality information disclosure and low expected return) in the strong internal control environment and the strategy (low-quality information disclosure and high expected return) in the weak internal control environment. In these strategies, neither the manager nor the shareholder has the motivation to change the strategy because their benefits will not increase by changing their strategy.
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language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
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series Iranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance
spelling doaj-art-b4ff373239b94b7abe3984a39282ecee2025-08-20T03:07:34ZengFerdowsi University of MashhadIranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance2717-41312588-61422025-04-019212010.22067/ijaaf.2025.45778.146945778Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected ReturnZahra Moghadam0Hamzeh Didar1Kiumars Shahbazi2Ali Ebadian3Urmia University, Departmant of accounting, Urmia, IranDepartment of Accounting, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDepartment of Economic Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, IranDepartment of Mathematics, Urmia university, Urmia, Iran.Game theory, or interactive decision-making theory, is a mathematical framework that helps predict the outcomes of a group of interacting agents. This research aims to design and describe strategic relations between managers and shareholders through signaling games. The study investigates the consequences of choosing strategies by managers (high and low quality of information disclosure) and its relationship with the strategies chosen by shareholders (high and low expected return of shareholders) and (high and low quality of audit services) in companies with different levels of internal control establishment. The statistical population of research consists of all companies listed in the Tehran stock exchange market from 2012 to 2021. 114 companies were considered as a statistical sample of research. The study outcomes illustrate that Bayesian Nash equilibrium is established in the strategy (high-quality information disclosure and low expected return) in the strong internal control environment and the strategy (low-quality information disclosure and high expected return) in the weak internal control environment. In these strategies, neither the manager nor the shareholder has the motivation to change the strategy because their benefits will not increase by changing their strategy.https://ijaaf.um.ac.ir/article_45778_4bcc29d80d95983e2ff464b50c071281.pdfaudit qualitydisclosure qualityexpected returnnash bayesian equilibriumsignaling games
spellingShingle Zahra Moghadam
Hamzeh Didar
Kiumars Shahbazi
Ali Ebadian
Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return
Iranian Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance
audit quality
disclosure quality
expected return
nash bayesian equilibrium
signaling games
title Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return
title_full Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return
title_fullStr Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return
title_full_unstemmed Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return
title_short Game Theory-Based Analysis of the Relationship between Managers and Shareholders: An Emphasis on Information Disclosure Quality, Audit Quality and Expected Return
title_sort game theory based analysis of the relationship between managers and shareholders an emphasis on information disclosure quality audit quality and expected return
topic audit quality
disclosure quality
expected return
nash bayesian equilibrium
signaling games
url https://ijaaf.um.ac.ir/article_45778_4bcc29d80d95983e2ff464b50c071281.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT zahramoghadam gametheorybasedanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenmanagersandshareholdersanemphasisoninformationdisclosurequalityauditqualityandexpectedreturn
AT hamzehdidar gametheorybasedanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenmanagersandshareholdersanemphasisoninformationdisclosurequalityauditqualityandexpectedreturn
AT kiumarsshahbazi gametheorybasedanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenmanagersandshareholdersanemphasisoninformationdisclosurequalityauditqualityandexpectedreturn
AT aliebadian gametheorybasedanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenmanagersandshareholdersanemphasisoninformationdisclosurequalityauditqualityandexpectedreturn