The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants
Iodine is a crucial microelement for humans, and iodine deficiencies may be reduced through the consumption of iodine-enriched plants. The possible effects of exogenous bromine regarding plant growth, iodine biofortification efficiency, and the chemical composition of cultivated plants have not been...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń Sylwester Smoleń Marta Liszka-Skoczylas Joanna Pitala Łukasz Skoczylas |
| author_facet | Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń Sylwester Smoleń Marta Liszka-Skoczylas Joanna Pitala Łukasz Skoczylas |
| author_sort | Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Iodine is a crucial microelement for humans, and iodine deficiencies may be reduced through the consumption of iodine-enriched plants. The possible effects of exogenous bromine regarding plant growth, iodine biofortification efficiency, and the chemical composition of cultivated plants have not been previously evaluated. A two-year pot cultivation of dandelion was conducted, applying KBr and KIO<sub>3</sub> in the following combinations: (1) Control, (2) 10 µM I, (3) 50 µM I, (4) 10 µM Br, (5) 50 µM Br, (6) 10 µM I + 10 µM Br, and (7) 50 µM I + 50 µM Br. An increased plant biomass indicated the low toxicity of the tested doses of I and Br for dandelion. However, a slightly increased antioxidant capacity in the leaves and roots and higher proline content in the leaves may suggest a potential stress effect of iodine and/or bromine accumulation for plants. The Br:I ratios observed in biofortified leaves and roots indicate the need to monitor bromine levels in soils or substrates used for plant cultivation in order to reduce the risk of excessive Br contents in iodine-enriched plants. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b4f70f5ff6324b6d8ccdc4cc70db7d74 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-b4f70f5ff6324b6d8ccdc4cc70db7d742025-08-20T03:48:02ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013010223910.3390/molecules30102239The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) PlantsIwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń0Sylwester Smoleń1Marta Liszka-Skoczylas2Joanna Pitala3Łukasz Skoczylas4Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Engineering and Machinery for Food Industry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, PolandLaboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Plant Product Technology and Nutrition Hygiene, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, PolandIodine is a crucial microelement for humans, and iodine deficiencies may be reduced through the consumption of iodine-enriched plants. The possible effects of exogenous bromine regarding plant growth, iodine biofortification efficiency, and the chemical composition of cultivated plants have not been previously evaluated. A two-year pot cultivation of dandelion was conducted, applying KBr and KIO<sub>3</sub> in the following combinations: (1) Control, (2) 10 µM I, (3) 50 µM I, (4) 10 µM Br, (5) 50 µM Br, (6) 10 µM I + 10 µM Br, and (7) 50 µM I + 50 µM Br. An increased plant biomass indicated the low toxicity of the tested doses of I and Br for dandelion. However, a slightly increased antioxidant capacity in the leaves and roots and higher proline content in the leaves may suggest a potential stress effect of iodine and/or bromine accumulation for plants. The Br:I ratios observed in biofortified leaves and roots indicate the need to monitor bromine levels in soils or substrates used for plant cultivation in order to reduce the risk of excessive Br contents in iodine-enriched plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2239iodinebrominebiofortificationchemical compositiondandelionantioxidant capacity |
| spellingShingle | Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń Sylwester Smoleń Marta Liszka-Skoczylas Joanna Pitala Łukasz Skoczylas The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants Molecules iodine bromine biofortification chemical composition dandelion antioxidant capacity |
| title | The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants |
| title_full | The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants |
| title_short | The Effect of Bromine and Iodine on the Plant Growth, Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Dandelion (<i>Taraxacum officinale</i> F.H. Wiggers Coll.) Plants |
| title_sort | effect of bromine and iodine on the plant growth phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of dandelion i taraxacum officinale i f h wiggers coll plants |
| topic | iodine bromine biofortification chemical composition dandelion antioxidant capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2239 |
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