Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties

Abstract M(n + 1)AXn (MAX) phases' nanolaminated ternary carbides or nitrides possess a unique crystal structure in which single‐atom‐thick A sublayers are interleaved by alternative stacking of an M(n + 1)Xn sublayer; these materials have been investigated as promising functional materials for...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chen Shen, Fu Li, Yixuan Zhang, Ruiwen Xie, Ilias Samathrakis, Bing Han, Hongbin Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-06-01
Series:Advanced Physics Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202400181
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849469023566168064
author Chen Shen
Fu Li
Yixuan Zhang
Ruiwen Xie
Ilias Samathrakis
Bing Han
Hongbin Zhang
author_facet Chen Shen
Fu Li
Yixuan Zhang
Ruiwen Xie
Ilias Samathrakis
Bing Han
Hongbin Zhang
author_sort Chen Shen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract M(n + 1)AXn (MAX) phases' nanolaminated ternary carbides or nitrides possess a unique crystal structure in which single‐atom‐thick A sublayers are interleaved by alternative stacking of an M(n + 1)Xn sublayer; these materials have been investigated as promising functional materials for industrial applications because of their laminated structure, as well as their metallic and ceramic properties. Based on high‐throughput density functional theory calculations, the stabilities and magnetic properties of M2AX phases with A as magnetic elements (A = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are investigated, aiming for designing new multifunctional magnets. The thermodynamical stabilities and the relative stability trend are first evaluated, resulting in 139 unreported metastable compounds, 39 of which are carbon‐based M2AX compounds. After this, the mechanical stability and properties of metastable phases are analyzed. To determine the magnetic ground states of the newly predicted compounds, the magnetic exchange coupling parameters are further calculated, with the critical magnetic transition temperature evaluated based on the mean‐field theory. Particularly, several compounds such as Be2FeN, Be2CoN, and Fe2FeN show high Curie temperature over 1000 K. Subsequently, the absolute value of magneto‐crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) is calculated, and 20 compounds are found with a uniaxial anisotropy greater than 0.4 MJ m−3, which are potential gap magnets. Finally, the transport properties of the predicted ferromagnetic (FM) M2AX compounds are evaluated. Notably, Y2FeN possesses an anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) (at 300 K) of around –1158 S cm−1 and –4.59 A mK−1. Particularly, when considering carbon doping in Ta2FeN, the AHC and ANC are significantly enhanced, which also offers an effective tuning strategy for spintronics applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-b4f5c2ed19f84846b7ebdf4349be421b
institution Kabale University
issn 2751-1200
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Wiley-VCH
record_format Article
series Advanced Physics Research
spelling doaj-art-b4f5c2ed19f84846b7ebdf4349be421b2025-08-20T03:25:39ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Physics Research2751-12002025-06-0146n/an/a10.1002/apxr.202400181Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological PropertiesChen Shen0Fu Li1Yixuan Zhang2Ruiwen Xie3Ilias Samathrakis4Bing Han5Hongbin Zhang6Institute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Otto‐Berndt‐Strasse 3 Darmstadt 64287 GermanyInstitute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Otto‐Berndt‐Strasse 3 Darmstadt 64287 GermanyInstitute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Otto‐Berndt‐Strasse 3 Darmstadt 64287 GermanyInstitute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Otto‐Berndt‐Strasse 3 Darmstadt 64287 GermanyInstitute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Otto‐Berndt‐Strasse 3 Darmstadt 64287 GermanyDepartment of Orthodontics Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Beijing 100081 ChinaInstitute of Materials Science Technical University Darmstadt Otto‐Berndt‐Strasse 3 Darmstadt 64287 GermanyAbstract M(n + 1)AXn (MAX) phases' nanolaminated ternary carbides or nitrides possess a unique crystal structure in which single‐atom‐thick A sublayers are interleaved by alternative stacking of an M(n + 1)Xn sublayer; these materials have been investigated as promising functional materials for industrial applications because of their laminated structure, as well as their metallic and ceramic properties. Based on high‐throughput density functional theory calculations, the stabilities and magnetic properties of M2AX phases with A as magnetic elements (A = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) are investigated, aiming for designing new multifunctional magnets. The thermodynamical stabilities and the relative stability trend are first evaluated, resulting in 139 unreported metastable compounds, 39 of which are carbon‐based M2AX compounds. After this, the mechanical stability and properties of metastable phases are analyzed. To determine the magnetic ground states of the newly predicted compounds, the magnetic exchange coupling parameters are further calculated, with the critical magnetic transition temperature evaluated based on the mean‐field theory. Particularly, several compounds such as Be2FeN, Be2CoN, and Fe2FeN show high Curie temperature over 1000 K. Subsequently, the absolute value of magneto‐crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) is calculated, and 20 compounds are found with a uniaxial anisotropy greater than 0.4 MJ m−3, which are potential gap magnets. Finally, the transport properties of the predicted ferromagnetic (FM) M2AX compounds are evaluated. Notably, Y2FeN possesses an anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC) and anomalous Nernst conductivity (ANC) (at 300 K) of around –1158 S cm−1 and –4.59 A mK−1. Particularly, when considering carbon doping in Ta2FeN, the AHC and ANC are significantly enhanced, which also offers an effective tuning strategy for spintronics applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202400181anomalous Hall conductivityanomalous Nernst conductivityhigh Curie temperaturemagnetic ground stateMAX phase
spellingShingle Chen Shen
Fu Li
Yixuan Zhang
Ruiwen Xie
Ilias Samathrakis
Bing Han
Hongbin Zhang
Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
Advanced Physics Research
anomalous Hall conductivity
anomalous Nernst conductivity
high Curie temperature
magnetic ground state
MAX phase
title Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
title_full Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
title_fullStr Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
title_full_unstemmed Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
title_short Multifunctionality of Single‐Atom‐Thick 2D Magnetic Atoms in Nanolaminated M2AX: Toward Permanent Magnets and Topological Properties
title_sort multifunctionality of single atom thick 2d magnetic atoms in nanolaminated m2ax toward permanent magnets and topological properties
topic anomalous Hall conductivity
anomalous Nernst conductivity
high Curie temperature
magnetic ground state
MAX phase
url https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202400181
work_keys_str_mv AT chenshen multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties
AT fuli multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties
AT yixuanzhang multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties
AT ruiwenxie multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties
AT iliassamathrakis multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties
AT binghan multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties
AT hongbinzhang multifunctionalityofsingleatomthick2dmagneticatomsinnanolaminatedm2axtowardpermanentmagnetsandtopologicalproperties