Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies
Diclofenac (DCF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It is an emerging pollutant that has attracted global attention due to its widespread distribution in various ecosystems and its potential risk to human and non-target organisms, such as aquatic organi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325009637 |
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| author | Ahmed Sayed Badawy Ying Xu Hao Ren Zhenmei Lu |
| author_facet | Ahmed Sayed Badawy Ying Xu Hao Ren Zhenmei Lu |
| author_sort | Ahmed Sayed Badawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diclofenac (DCF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It is an emerging pollutant that has attracted global attention due to its widespread distribution in various ecosystems and its potential risk to human and non-target organisms, such as aquatic organisms, plants, animals, and microorganisms. It also contributes to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the formation of new pollutants through its interaction with other contaminants. This comprehensive review highlights the occurrence, fate, and concentration of DCF across environmental compartments and relates the mode of toxicity, level of exposure, and route of administration as a unique approach for addressing the destructive consequence of DCF in different ecosystems. Finally, the mitigation strategy to eradicate the DCF toxicity through bioremediation is critically discussed, focusing on the diversity of DCF-degrading microorganisms, biodegradation pathways, and underlying molecular mechanisms to provide a comprehensive overview of DCF biodegradation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b4e82d946a0a4bbe907f84b045bf104d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj-art-b4e82d946a0a4bbe907f84b045bf104d2025-08-20T03:36:10ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132025-09-0130211861810.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118618Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategiesAhmed Sayed Badawy0Ying Xu1Hao Ren2Zhenmei Lu3MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, EgyptState Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaMOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Corresponding authors at: MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Corresponding authors at: MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.Diclofenac (DCF) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic effects. It is an emerging pollutant that has attracted global attention due to its widespread distribution in various ecosystems and its potential risk to human and non-target organisms, such as aquatic organisms, plants, animals, and microorganisms. It also contributes to the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens and the formation of new pollutants through its interaction with other contaminants. This comprehensive review highlights the occurrence, fate, and concentration of DCF across environmental compartments and relates the mode of toxicity, level of exposure, and route of administration as a unique approach for addressing the destructive consequence of DCF in different ecosystems. Finally, the mitigation strategy to eradicate the DCF toxicity through bioremediation is critically discussed, focusing on the diversity of DCF-degrading microorganisms, biodegradation pathways, and underlying molecular mechanisms to provide a comprehensive overview of DCF biodegradation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325009637DiclofenacEmerging pollutantsToxicityBiodegradationConsortia |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Sayed Badawy Ying Xu Hao Ren Zhenmei Lu Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Diclofenac Emerging pollutants Toxicity Biodegradation Consortia |
| title | Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies |
| title_full | Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies |
| title_fullStr | Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies |
| title_short | Diclofenac (DCF) as an emerging pollutant: Occurrence, ecotoxicity, and biodegradation strategies |
| title_sort | diclofenac dcf as an emerging pollutant occurrence ecotoxicity and biodegradation strategies |
| topic | Diclofenac Emerging pollutants Toxicity Biodegradation Consortia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651325009637 |
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