Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan

Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic used as a last-resort treatment for serious infections, exhibits efficacy against multidrug-resistant organisms. Colistin-resistant bacteria limit the treatment options and increase the risk of untreatable infections. In this study, we investigated various antimicrob...

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Main Authors: Komei Kawano, Takayuki Masaki, Tatsuya Kawaguchi, Makoto Kuroda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/360
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author Komei Kawano
Takayuki Masaki
Tatsuya Kawaguchi
Makoto Kuroda
author_facet Komei Kawano
Takayuki Masaki
Tatsuya Kawaguchi
Makoto Kuroda
author_sort Komei Kawano
collection DOAJ
description Colistin, a polymyxin antibiotic used as a last-resort treatment for serious infections, exhibits efficacy against multidrug-resistant organisms. Colistin-resistant bacteria limit the treatment options and increase the risk of untreatable infections. In this study, we investigated various antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from broiler cecal feces. In the primary screening using CHROMagar C3GR and ESBL, 147 <i>E. coli</i> isolates were obtained from 231 broiler cecal samples at five domestic poultry farms in Japan in 2024. Of the 147 isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 20 (13.6%) showed resistance to colistin. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing detected the colistin resistance gene, <i>mcr-1.1</i> (phosphoethanolamine transferase), in the colistin-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from the tested five poultry farms. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that all strains belonged to ST1485, indicating that the cloned strains had spread to multiple poultry farms. Subsequent core-genome comparison analysis with global ST1485 strains indicated that the ST1485 isolates in this study were highly identical, whereas the global strains were distinct. The complete genome sequence of BroCaecum-55 contained <i>mcr-1.1</i> in a 62,716 bp IncI2 replicon plasmid (pBroCa-55-p2). In conclusion, <i>mcr-1.1</i>-positive colistin-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains, which are rarely reported in Japan, were isolated from Japanese broilers, indicating that colistin resistance persisted even after the ban on colistin use as a feed additive in Japan in 2018. Our findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of colistin-resistant bacteria in livestock to reduce the transmission risk to humans.
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spelling doaj-art-b4e1cdec39ab4c6faf6f3f527a6435232025-08-20T02:17:21ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-04-0114436010.3390/antibiotics14040360Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in JapanKomei Kawano0Takayuki Masaki1Tatsuya Kawaguchi2Makoto Kuroda3Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5598, JapanDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5598, JapanDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5598, JapanDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kita-ku, Kumamoto 861-5598, JapanColistin, a polymyxin antibiotic used as a last-resort treatment for serious infections, exhibits efficacy against multidrug-resistant organisms. Colistin-resistant bacteria limit the treatment options and increase the risk of untreatable infections. In this study, we investigated various antimicrobial-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from broiler cecal feces. In the primary screening using CHROMagar C3GR and ESBL, 147 <i>E. coli</i> isolates were obtained from 231 broiler cecal samples at five domestic poultry farms in Japan in 2024. Of the 147 isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, 20 (13.6%) showed resistance to colistin. Moreover, whole-genome sequencing detected the colistin resistance gene, <i>mcr-1.1</i> (phosphoethanolamine transferase), in the colistin-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from the tested five poultry farms. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that all strains belonged to ST1485, indicating that the cloned strains had spread to multiple poultry farms. Subsequent core-genome comparison analysis with global ST1485 strains indicated that the ST1485 isolates in this study were highly identical, whereas the global strains were distinct. The complete genome sequence of BroCaecum-55 contained <i>mcr-1.1</i> in a 62,716 bp IncI2 replicon plasmid (pBroCa-55-p2). In conclusion, <i>mcr-1.1</i>-positive colistin-resistant <i>E. coli</i> strains, which are rarely reported in Japan, were isolated from Japanese broilers, indicating that colistin resistance persisted even after the ban on colistin use as a feed additive in Japan in 2018. Our findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of colistin-resistant bacteria in livestock to reduce the transmission risk to humans.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/360broilercolistin<i>E. coli</i><i>mcr-1</i>IncI2ST1485
spellingShingle Komei Kawano
Takayuki Masaki
Tatsuya Kawaguchi
Makoto Kuroda
Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan
Antibiotics
broiler
colistin
<i>E. coli</i>
<i>mcr-1</i>
IncI2
ST1485
title Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan
title_full Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan
title_fullStr Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan
title_full_unstemmed Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan
title_short Persistence of Colistin Resistance and <i>mcr-1.1</i>-Positive <i>E. coli</i> in Poultry Despite Colistin Ban in Japan
title_sort persistence of colistin resistance and i mcr 1 1 i positive i e coli i in poultry despite colistin ban in japan
topic broiler
colistin
<i>E. coli</i>
<i>mcr-1</i>
IncI2
ST1485
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/4/360
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AT tatsuyakawaguchi persistenceofcolistinresistanceandimcr11ipositiveiecoliiinpoultrydespitecolistinbaninjapan
AT makotokuroda persistenceofcolistinresistanceandimcr11ipositiveiecoliiinpoultrydespitecolistinbaninjapan