Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro
<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, an obligate intracellular protozoan, poses significant risks to public health due to its widespread distribution and potential for severe congenital and neurological complications. The fast-replicating tachyzoite stage is crucial for acute infection and laborato...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1517 |
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| author | Thomas Grochow Mirjam Kalusa Pauline Tonndorf-Martini Nicole Röhrmann Simone A. Fietz Lea-Christina Murnik |
| author_facet | Thomas Grochow Mirjam Kalusa Pauline Tonndorf-Martini Nicole Röhrmann Simone A. Fietz Lea-Christina Murnik |
| author_sort | Thomas Grochow |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, an obligate intracellular protozoan, poses significant risks to public health due to its widespread distribution and potential for severe congenital and neurological complications. The fast-replicating tachyzoite stage is crucial for acute infection and laboratory studies, yet effective inactivation methods remain inadequately explored. This study evaluates various chemical and physical approaches to inactivate <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites in vitro. Using a combination of GFP fluorescence and viability assays, we demonstrated the complete inactivation of tachyzoites with ethanol (≥30%), hydrogen peroxide (≥3%), o-hydroxydiphenyl fatty acid eutectic with peracetic acid (≥1%), and heat treatment at 60 °C for 30 min. Our findings highlight the importance of concentration, solvent choice, and exposure time in disinfection efficacy, providing a framework for improving laboratory safety protocols. These results contribute to the refinement of inactivation strategies, supporting safer handling and research on <i>T. gondii</i> in vitro while reducing reliance on animal models. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b4c7a7ee7a3643e09640446d112cd7a4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-b4c7a7ee7a3643e09640446d112cd7a42025-08-20T03:35:28ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-06-01137151710.3390/microorganisms13071517Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In VitroThomas Grochow0Mirjam Kalusa1Pauline Tonndorf-Martini2Nicole Röhrmann3Simone A. Fietz4Lea-Christina Murnik5Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>, an obligate intracellular protozoan, poses significant risks to public health due to its widespread distribution and potential for severe congenital and neurological complications. The fast-replicating tachyzoite stage is crucial for acute infection and laboratory studies, yet effective inactivation methods remain inadequately explored. This study evaluates various chemical and physical approaches to inactivate <i>T. gondii</i> tachyzoites in vitro. Using a combination of GFP fluorescence and viability assays, we demonstrated the complete inactivation of tachyzoites with ethanol (≥30%), hydrogen peroxide (≥3%), o-hydroxydiphenyl fatty acid eutectic with peracetic acid (≥1%), and heat treatment at 60 °C for 30 min. Our findings highlight the importance of concentration, solvent choice, and exposure time in disinfection efficacy, providing a framework for improving laboratory safety protocols. These results contribute to the refinement of inactivation strategies, supporting safer handling and research on <i>T. gondii</i> in vitro while reducing reliance on animal models.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1517<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>in vitrocell culturetenacitytachyzoitesdisinfection |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Grochow Mirjam Kalusa Pauline Tonndorf-Martini Nicole Röhrmann Simone A. Fietz Lea-Christina Murnik Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro Microorganisms <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in vitro cell culture tenacity tachyzoites disinfection |
| title | Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro |
| title_full | Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro |
| title_short | Low Tenacity of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Tachyzoites In Vitro |
| title_sort | low tenacity of i toxoplasma gondii i tachyzoites in vitro |
| topic | <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> in vitro cell culture tenacity tachyzoites disinfection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1517 |
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