Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data

Objective To explore the optimal management strategies for small-sized nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PanNETs) and to assess the rationale for the ‘wait and see’ approach.Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 2,052 patients with small-sized NF-PanNETs (tumor size ≤2...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haiyi Hu, Chuyan Chen, Zhibo Zheng, Fandong Meng, Shutian Zhang, Peng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Investigative Surgery
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08941939.2025.2528340
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849716167598407680
author Haiyi Hu
Chuyan Chen
Zhibo Zheng
Fandong Meng
Shutian Zhang
Peng Li
author_facet Haiyi Hu
Chuyan Chen
Zhibo Zheng
Fandong Meng
Shutian Zhang
Peng Li
author_sort Haiyi Hu
collection DOAJ
description Objective To explore the optimal management strategies for small-sized nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PanNETs) and to assess the rationale for the ‘wait and see’ approach.Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 2,052 patients with small-sized NF-PanNETs (tumor size ≤20 mm) diagnosed between 2004 and 2019. Patients were further divided into two groups: those with tumors ≤10 mm (n = 573) and those with tumors 11–20 mm (n = 1,479). Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were obtained and compared using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Results Tumors ≤10 mm were less likely to exhibit adjacent structure invasion (p = 0.005), lymph node involvement (p = 0.028), or distant metastasis (p < 0.001). Among T1N0M0 patients, both surgery and surveillance yielded similar cancer-specific survival (CSS) for those with tumors ≤10 mm, while surgery was significantly associated with better CSS for patients with tumors in the 11–20 mm range (p = 0.040). Multivariate analyses identified age >65 years, poor differentiation, T4 stage, and M1 stage as independent predictive factors for worse outcomes (all p < 0.001).Conclusions Compared to NF-PanNETs ≤10 mm, tumors sized between 11 and 20 mm are associated with higher risks of adjacent structure invasion, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Tumors ≤10 mm can be safely monitored with active surveillance.
format Article
id doaj-art-b4b8a9a613eb4ffc87aacd05aa41271d
institution DOAJ
issn 0894-1939
1521-0553
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Journal of Investigative Surgery
spelling doaj-art-b4b8a9a613eb4ffc87aacd05aa41271d2025-08-20T03:13:07ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Investigative Surgery0894-19391521-05532025-07-0138110.1080/08941939.2025.2528340Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER DataHaiyi Hu0Chuyan Chen1Zhibo Zheng2Fandong Meng3Shutian Zhang4Peng Li5Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Medicine and Medical Devices, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Medicine and Medical Devices, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Medicine and Medical Devices, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Medicine and Medical Devices, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Medicine and Medical Devices, Beijing, ChinaObjective To explore the optimal management strategies for small-sized nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PanNETs) and to assess the rationale for the ‘wait and see’ approach.Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 2,052 patients with small-sized NF-PanNETs (tumor size ≤20 mm) diagnosed between 2004 and 2019. Patients were further divided into two groups: those with tumors ≤10 mm (n = 573) and those with tumors 11–20 mm (n = 1,479). Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were obtained and compared using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.Results Tumors ≤10 mm were less likely to exhibit adjacent structure invasion (p = 0.005), lymph node involvement (p = 0.028), or distant metastasis (p < 0.001). Among T1N0M0 patients, both surgery and surveillance yielded similar cancer-specific survival (CSS) for those with tumors ≤10 mm, while surgery was significantly associated with better CSS for patients with tumors in the 11–20 mm range (p = 0.040). Multivariate analyses identified age >65 years, poor differentiation, T4 stage, and M1 stage as independent predictive factors for worse outcomes (all p < 0.001).Conclusions Compared to NF-PanNETs ≤10 mm, tumors sized between 11 and 20 mm are associated with higher risks of adjacent structure invasion, lymph node involvement, and distant metastasis. Tumors ≤10 mm can be safely monitored with active surveillance.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08941939.2025.2528340pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorstumor sizepredictive factorsprognosissurveillance
spellingShingle Haiyi Hu
Chuyan Chen
Zhibo Zheng
Fandong Meng
Shutian Zhang
Peng Li
Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data
Journal of Investigative Surgery
pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
tumor size
predictive factors
prognosis
surveillance
title Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data
title_full Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data
title_fullStr Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data
title_short Prognostic Factors and Management Approaches for Small Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from SEER Data
title_sort prognostic factors and management approaches for small nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors insights from seer data
topic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
tumor size
predictive factors
prognosis
surveillance
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08941939.2025.2528340
work_keys_str_mv AT haiyihu prognosticfactorsandmanagementapproachesforsmallnonfunctionalpancreaticneuroendocrinetumorsinsightsfromseerdata
AT chuyanchen prognosticfactorsandmanagementapproachesforsmallnonfunctionalpancreaticneuroendocrinetumorsinsightsfromseerdata
AT zhibozheng prognosticfactorsandmanagementapproachesforsmallnonfunctionalpancreaticneuroendocrinetumorsinsightsfromseerdata
AT fandongmeng prognosticfactorsandmanagementapproachesforsmallnonfunctionalpancreaticneuroendocrinetumorsinsightsfromseerdata
AT shutianzhang prognosticfactorsandmanagementapproachesforsmallnonfunctionalpancreaticneuroendocrinetumorsinsightsfromseerdata
AT pengli prognosticfactorsandmanagementapproachesforsmallnonfunctionalpancreaticneuroendocrinetumorsinsightsfromseerdata