Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Accurately estimating the State of Charge (SOC) of power batteries is crucial for the Battery Management Systems (BMS) in new energy intelligent connected vehicles. It directly influences vehicle range, energy management efficiency, and the safety and lifespan of the battery. However, SOC cannot be...

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Main Authors: Hongzhao Li, Hongsheng Jia, Ping Xiao, Haojie Jiang, Yang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2144
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author Hongzhao Li
Hongsheng Jia
Ping Xiao
Haojie Jiang
Yang Chen
author_facet Hongzhao Li
Hongsheng Jia
Ping Xiao
Haojie Jiang
Yang Chen
author_sort Hongzhao Li
collection DOAJ
description Accurately estimating the State of Charge (SOC) of power batteries is crucial for the Battery Management Systems (BMS) in new energy intelligent connected vehicles. It directly influences vehicle range, energy management efficiency, and the safety and lifespan of the battery. However, SOC cannot be measured directly with instruments; it needs to be estimated using external parameters such as current, voltage, and internal resistance. Moreover, power batteries represent complex nonlinear time-varying systems, and various uncertainties—like battery aging, fluctuations in ambient temperature, and self-discharge effects—complicate the accuracy of these estimations. This significantly increases the complexity of the estimation process and limits industrial applications. To address these challenges, this study systematically classifies existing SOC estimation algorithms, performs comparative analyses of their computational complexity and accuracy, and identifies the inherent limitations within each category. Additionally, a comprehensive review of SOC estimation technologies utilized in BMS by automotive OEMs globally is conducted. The analysis concludes that advancing multi-fusion estimation frameworks, which offer enhanced universality, robustness, and hard real-time capabilities, represents the primary research trajectory in this field.
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id doaj-art-b4a64e8fe7cf478993398a3ed6bb1a82
institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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series Energies
spelling doaj-art-b4a64e8fe7cf478993398a3ed6bb1a822025-08-20T03:52:56ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01189214410.3390/en18092144Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected VehiclesHongzhao Li0Hongsheng Jia1Ping Xiao2Haojie Jiang3Yang Chen4School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, ChinaAccurately estimating the State of Charge (SOC) of power batteries is crucial for the Battery Management Systems (BMS) in new energy intelligent connected vehicles. It directly influences vehicle range, energy management efficiency, and the safety and lifespan of the battery. However, SOC cannot be measured directly with instruments; it needs to be estimated using external parameters such as current, voltage, and internal resistance. Moreover, power batteries represent complex nonlinear time-varying systems, and various uncertainties—like battery aging, fluctuations in ambient temperature, and self-discharge effects—complicate the accuracy of these estimations. This significantly increases the complexity of the estimation process and limits industrial applications. To address these challenges, this study systematically classifies existing SOC estimation algorithms, performs comparative analyses of their computational complexity and accuracy, and identifies the inherent limitations within each category. Additionally, a comprehensive review of SOC estimation technologies utilized in BMS by automotive OEMs globally is conducted. The analysis concludes that advancing multi-fusion estimation frameworks, which offer enhanced universality, robustness, and hard real-time capabilities, represents the primary research trajectory in this field.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2144lithium-ion batteriesbattery management systemstate of chargebattery modelsdata-drivenstate estimation
spellingShingle Hongzhao Li
Hongsheng Jia
Ping Xiao
Haojie Jiang
Yang Chen
Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles
Energies
lithium-ion batteries
battery management system
state of charge
battery models
data-driven
state estimation
title Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_full Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_fullStr Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_short Research Progress on State of Charge Estimation Methods for Power Batteries in New Energy Intelligent Connected Vehicles
title_sort research progress on state of charge estimation methods for power batteries in new energy intelligent connected vehicles
topic lithium-ion batteries
battery management system
state of charge
battery models
data-driven
state estimation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/9/2144
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AT pingxiao researchprogressonstateofchargeestimationmethodsforpowerbatteriesinnewenergyintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT haojiejiang researchprogressonstateofchargeestimationmethodsforpowerbatteriesinnewenergyintelligentconnectedvehicles
AT yangchen researchprogressonstateofchargeestimationmethodsforpowerbatteriesinnewenergyintelligentconnectedvehicles