Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

Satellite imagery is utilized in various fields, one of which is land use and land cover (LULC) analysis. This study aims to classify water bodies using machine learning models such as SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB. The data source is obtained from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform using Sentine...

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Main Authors: Ni Putu Nita Nathalia, Gede Andra Rizqy Wijaya, Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto, Ni Putu Novita Puspa Dewi, Putu Hendra Saputra, Ni Putu Karisma Dewi, Mellisa Damayanti, Kadek Losinanda Prawira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universitas Sanata Dharma 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies
Online Access:https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/IJASST/article/view/11608
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author Ni Putu Nita Nathalia
Gede Andra Rizqy Wijaya
Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto
Ni Putu Novita Puspa Dewi
Putu Hendra Saputra
Ni Putu Karisma Dewi
Mellisa Damayanti
Kadek Losinanda Prawira
author_facet Ni Putu Nita Nathalia
Gede Andra Rizqy Wijaya
Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto
Ni Putu Novita Puspa Dewi
Putu Hendra Saputra
Ni Putu Karisma Dewi
Mellisa Damayanti
Kadek Losinanda Prawira
author_sort Ni Putu Nita Nathalia
collection DOAJ
description Satellite imagery is utilized in various fields, one of which is land use and land cover (LULC) analysis. This study aims to classify water bodies using machine learning models such as SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB. The data source is obtained from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform using Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite imagery, with a dataset of 5,514 data points per year. The Pixel-Based approach is used as the main method for data extraction, while CRISP-DM is applied as a structured methodology for data management. The parameter indices used include the BSI, NDBI, MNDWI, NDVI and AWEIsh. The results of these calculations serve as dataset features for training algorithms in the model development and training process. Each model has its own parameters, making parameter selection crucial in the training process. Model evaluation is conducted using a confusion matrix. Based on confusion matrix analysis, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are calculated. Among the five models, SVM achieves the highest accuracy at 87%, followed by RF and K-NN. This indicates that the SVM model performs better in binary classification. Ground truth analysis is also conducted using the QGIS platform, which visualizes the classification results, with SVM providing the best visualization.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2655-8564
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language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Universitas Sanata Dharma
record_format Article
series International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies
spelling doaj-art-b4982cdf6be84275a2e044a1840856762025-08-20T03:26:34ZengUniversitas Sanata DharmaInternational Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies2655-85642685-94322025-06-017114515810.24071/ijasst.v7i1.116083956Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, ThailandNi Putu Nita Nathalia0Gede Andra Rizqy Wijaya1Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto2Ni Putu Novita Puspa Dewi3Putu Hendra Saputra4Ni Putu Karisma Dewi5Mellisa Damayanti6Kadek Losinanda Prawira7Universitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaUniversitas Pendidikan GaneshaSatellite imagery is utilized in various fields, one of which is land use and land cover (LULC) analysis. This study aims to classify water bodies using machine learning models such as SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB. The data source is obtained from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform using Sentinel-2 Level-2A satellite imagery, with a dataset of 5,514 data points per year. The Pixel-Based approach is used as the main method for data extraction, while CRISP-DM is applied as a structured methodology for data management. The parameter indices used include the BSI, NDBI, MNDWI, NDVI and AWEIsh. The results of these calculations serve as dataset features for training algorithms in the model development and training process. Each model has its own parameters, making parameter selection crucial in the training process. Model evaluation is conducted using a confusion matrix. Based on confusion matrix analysis, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are calculated. Among the five models, SVM achieves the highest accuracy at 87%, followed by RF and K-NN. This indicates that the SVM model performs better in binary classification. Ground truth analysis is also conducted using the QGIS platform, which visualizes the classification results, with SVM providing the best visualization.https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/IJASST/article/view/11608
spellingShingle Ni Putu Nita Nathalia
Gede Andra Rizqy Wijaya
Kadek Yota Ernanda Aryanto
Ni Putu Novita Puspa Dewi
Putu Hendra Saputra
Ni Putu Karisma Dewi
Mellisa Damayanti
Kadek Losinanda Prawira
Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Smart Technologies
title Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
title_full Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
title_fullStr Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
title_short Comparison of SVM, K-NN, RF, CART, and GNB Algorithms for Water Bodies Detection Using Sentinel-2 Level-2a Imagery in Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
title_sort comparison of svm k nn rf cart and gnb algorithms for water bodies detection using sentinel 2 level 2a imagery in nakhon pathom thailand
url https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/IJASST/article/view/11608
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