Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens
Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) has been traditionally used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil essential oil (BEO) and identified its key bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity testing, as det...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Minkyoung Park Jumin Park Dae Youn Hwang Sohae Park Heeseob Lee |
| author_facet | Minkyoung Park Jumin Park Dae Youn Hwang Sohae Park Heeseob Lee |
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| description | Basil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) has been traditionally used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil essential oil (BEO) and identified its key bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity testing, as determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, returned EC<sub>50</sub> values of 115.36 and 54.77 µg/mL, respectively. BEO demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>, <i>Fannyhessea vaginae</i>, <i>Chryseobacterium gleum</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, with inhibition zones of up to 25.88 mm and MIC values ranging from 31 to 500 µg/mL. GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) identified monoterpene, phenylpropene, and sesquiterpene derivatives in BEO. In addition, Fraction 3 (Fr. 3) obtained by preparative HPLC had the highest antimicrobial activity, and methyl trans-cinnamate was identified as the primary active compound in this fraction. BEO had no toxic effect on <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> or human dermal fibroblasts. These findings support the traditional use of basil and highlight its potential as a safe, natural therapeutic agent with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b491688d9bc34f4bbe188bbbf22cc1d12025-08-20T02:24:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-05-0114662810.3390/antiox14060628Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal PathogensMinkyoung Park0Jumin Park1Dae Youn Hwang2Sohae Park3Heeseob Lee4Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of KoreaBasil (<i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L.) has been traditionally used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of basil essential oil (BEO) and identified its key bioactive compounds. Antioxidant activity testing, as determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, returned EC<sub>50</sub> values of 115.36 and 54.77 µg/mL, respectively. BEO demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects against <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>, <i>Fannyhessea vaginae</i>, <i>Chryseobacterium gleum</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>, with inhibition zones of up to 25.88 mm and MIC values ranging from 31 to 500 µg/mL. GC-MS (gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) identified monoterpene, phenylpropene, and sesquiterpene derivatives in BEO. In addition, Fraction 3 (Fr. 3) obtained by preparative HPLC had the highest antimicrobial activity, and methyl trans-cinnamate was identified as the primary active compound in this fraction. BEO had no toxic effect on <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> or human dermal fibroblasts. These findings support the traditional use of basil and highlight its potential as a safe, natural therapeutic agent with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/628natural therapeutic agentphytochemical analysisantimicrobial effectsbioactive compoundsethnopharmacologytraditional medicine |
| spellingShingle | Minkyoung Park Jumin Park Dae Youn Hwang Sohae Park Heeseob Lee Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens Antioxidants natural therapeutic agent phytochemical analysis antimicrobial effects bioactive compounds ethnopharmacology traditional medicine |
| title | Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Evaluation and Fraction-Based Profiling of Basil Essential Oil Against Vaginal Pathogens |
| title_sort | antimicrobial evaluation and fraction based profiling of basil essential oil against vaginal pathogens |
| topic | natural therapeutic agent phytochemical analysis antimicrobial effects bioactive compounds ethnopharmacology traditional medicine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/628 |
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