Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy

Abstract Despite the tremendous therapeutic promise of activating stimulators of interferon genes (STING) enable to prime robust de novo T-cell responses, biomechanics-mediated immune inhibitory pathways hinder the cytotoxicity of T cells against tumor cells. Blocking cancer cell biomechanics-mediat...

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Main Authors: Haifen Luo, Jingqi Lv, Peiye Wen, Shan Zhang, Wen Ma, Zhen Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57718-5
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author Haifen Luo
Jingqi Lv
Peiye Wen
Shan Zhang
Wen Ma
Zhen Yang
author_facet Haifen Luo
Jingqi Lv
Peiye Wen
Shan Zhang
Wen Ma
Zhen Yang
author_sort Haifen Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite the tremendous therapeutic promise of activating stimulators of interferon genes (STING) enable to prime robust de novo T-cell responses, biomechanics-mediated immune inhibitory pathways hinder the cytotoxicity of T cells against tumor cells. Blocking cancer cell biomechanics-mediated evasion provides a feasible strategy for augmenting STING activation-mediated anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. Here, we fabricate a redox-responsive Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MeβCD)-based supramolecular polyrotaxanes (MSPs), where the amphiphilic diselenide-bridged axle polymer loads MeβCD by the host-guest interaction and end-caping with two near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes IR783. The MSPs self-assemble with STING agonists diABZIs into nanoparticles (RDPNs@diABZIs), which enable simultaneous release of MeβCD and diABZIs in the redox tumor microenvironment. After the released diABZIs activate STING on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), de novo T-cell responses are initiated. Meanwhile, the released MeβCD depletes membrane cholesterol to overcome cancer-cell mechanical softness, which enhances the CTL-mediated killing of cancer cells. In the female tumor-bearing mouse model, we demonstrate that RDPNs@diABZIs lead to effective tumor regression and generate long-term immunological memory. Furthermore, RDPNs@diABZIs can achieve significant tumor eradication, with these mice remaining survival for at least 2 months.
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spelling doaj-art-b48efe920dba4b4b980f8f728432a7712025-08-20T02:59:57ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-03-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-57718-5Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapyHaifen Luo0Jingqi Lv1Peiye Wen2Shan Zhang3Wen Ma4Zhen Yang5Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal UniversityStrait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal UniversityStrait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal UniversityStrait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal UniversityStrait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal UniversityStrait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal UniversityAbstract Despite the tremendous therapeutic promise of activating stimulators of interferon genes (STING) enable to prime robust de novo T-cell responses, biomechanics-mediated immune inhibitory pathways hinder the cytotoxicity of T cells against tumor cells. Blocking cancer cell biomechanics-mediated evasion provides a feasible strategy for augmenting STING activation-mediated anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy. Here, we fabricate a redox-responsive Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MeβCD)-based supramolecular polyrotaxanes (MSPs), where the amphiphilic diselenide-bridged axle polymer loads MeβCD by the host-guest interaction and end-caping with two near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probes IR783. The MSPs self-assemble with STING agonists diABZIs into nanoparticles (RDPNs@diABZIs), which enable simultaneous release of MeβCD and diABZIs in the redox tumor microenvironment. After the released diABZIs activate STING on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), de novo T-cell responses are initiated. Meanwhile, the released MeβCD depletes membrane cholesterol to overcome cancer-cell mechanical softness, which enhances the CTL-mediated killing of cancer cells. In the female tumor-bearing mouse model, we demonstrate that RDPNs@diABZIs lead to effective tumor regression and generate long-term immunological memory. Furthermore, RDPNs@diABZIs can achieve significant tumor eradication, with these mice remaining survival for at least 2 months.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57718-5
spellingShingle Haifen Luo
Jingqi Lv
Peiye Wen
Shan Zhang
Wen Ma
Zhen Yang
Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
Nature Communications
title Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
title_full Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
title_fullStr Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
title_short Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy
title_sort supramolecular polyrotaxane based nano theranostics enable cancer cell stiffening for enhanced t cell mediated anticancer immunotherapy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57718-5
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