MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ

This paper investigated the impact of inflationary pressures on foreign trade in agricultural commodities and live animals for the Iraqi economy for 2004-2022. The standard vector error correction model (VECM) was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. The results showed a long-ter...

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Main Authors: N. M. Kokaz, S. A. Hammad
Format: Article
Language:Arabic
Published: University of Anbar 2025-06-01
Series:مجلة الأنبار للعلوم الزراعية
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ajas.uoanbar.edu.iq/article_187597_0288cbd8b47a9394a7eff3801a267601.pdf
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author N. M. Kokaz
S. A. Hammad
author_facet N. M. Kokaz
S. A. Hammad
author_sort N. M. Kokaz
collection DOAJ
description This paper investigated the impact of inflationary pressures on foreign trade in agricultural commodities and live animals for the Iraqi economy for 2004-2022. The standard vector error correction model (VECM) was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. The results showed a long-term equilibrium relationship between the inflationary pressures variable (X) and the trade balance in agricultural commodities and live animals (Y), meaning there is a long-term equilibrium causal relationship between the two variables. The results indicate the presence of a positive effect (direct relationship) between the two variables in the long run. Achieving monetary stability will increase the value of the agricultural trade balance. The paper recommends that monetary policy should aim to control the rate of money supply (money supply) to limit the high rates of inflation and make its growth rate parallel that of the gross domestic product to achieve monetary stability. This would support a higher growth in agricultural production and raise the competitiveness of local products for export as well as reduce agricultural imports to achieve balance in its trade balance
format Article
id doaj-art-b47d4e15a1a14e8d9625f8d14e253600
institution DOAJ
issn 1992-7479
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language Arabic
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher University of Anbar
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series مجلة الأنبار للعلوم الزراعية
spelling doaj-art-b47d4e15a1a14e8d9625f8d14e2536002025-08-20T02:41:30ZaraUniversity of Anbarمجلة الأنبار للعلوم الزراعية1992-74792617-62112025-06-0123164165510.32649/ajas.2025.187597187597MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQN. M. Kokaz0S. A. Hammad1College of Agriculture, University of AnbarCollege of Agriculture, University of AnbarThis paper investigated the impact of inflationary pressures on foreign trade in agricultural commodities and live animals for the Iraqi economy for 2004-2022. The standard vector error correction model (VECM) was used to estimate the relationship between the variables. The results showed a long-term equilibrium relationship between the inflationary pressures variable (X) and the trade balance in agricultural commodities and live animals (Y), meaning there is a long-term equilibrium causal relationship between the two variables. The results indicate the presence of a positive effect (direct relationship) between the two variables in the long run. Achieving monetary stability will increase the value of the agricultural trade balance. The paper recommends that monetary policy should aim to control the rate of money supply (money supply) to limit the high rates of inflation and make its growth rate parallel that of the gross domestic product to achieve monetary stability. This would support a higher growth in agricultural production and raise the competitiveness of local products for export as well as reduce agricultural imports to achieve balance in its trade balancehttps://ajas.uoanbar.edu.iq/article_187597_0288cbd8b47a9394a7eff3801a267601.pdfmonetary stabilityagricultural exportsagricultural importsvecm
spellingShingle N. M. Kokaz
S. A. Hammad
MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ
مجلة الأنبار للعلوم الزراعية
monetary stability
agricultural exports
agricultural imports
vecm
title MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ
title_full MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ
title_fullStr MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ
title_full_unstemmed MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ
title_short MEASURING THE IMPACT OF INFLATIONARY PRESSURES ON FOREIGN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND LIVE ANIMALS: A CASE STUDY OF IRAQ
title_sort measuring the impact of inflationary pressures on foreign trade in agricultural commodities and live animals a case study of iraq
topic monetary stability
agricultural exports
agricultural imports
vecm
url https://ajas.uoanbar.edu.iq/article_187597_0288cbd8b47a9394a7eff3801a267601.pdf
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AT sahammad measuringtheimpactofinflationarypressuresonforeigntradeinagriculturalcommoditiesandliveanimalsacasestudyofiraq