Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective This study aimed to systematically evaluate published predictive models for dental caries in children and adolescents.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sources Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumula...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2025-03-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e088253.full |
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| author | Peng Zhang Kang Li Xijia Wang Huifei Lu Dandan Luo Dunhui Yang Shuqi Qiu Haotao Zeng Xianhai Zeng |
| author_facet | Peng Zhang Kang Li Xijia Wang Huifei Lu Dandan Luo Dunhui Yang Shuqi Qiu Haotao Zeng Xianhai Zeng |
| author_sort | Peng Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective This study aimed to systematically evaluate published predictive models for dental caries in children and adolescents.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sources Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and SinoMed for relevant studies published up to 18 January 2024. The search focused on caries prediction models in children and adolescents.Eligibility criteria Eligible studies included observational research (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional designs) that developed risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents aged ≤18 years. Each model was required to include a minimum of two predictors. Studies were excluded if they were not available in English or Chinese, primarily focused on oral microbiome modelling, or lacked essential details regarding study design, model construction or statistical analyses.Results A total of 11 studies were included in the review. All models demonstrated a high risk of bias, primarily due to inappropriate statistical methods and unclear applicability resulting from insufficiently detailed presentations of the models. Logistic regression, random forests and support vector machines were the most commonly employed methods. Frequently used predictors included fluoride toothpaste use and brushing frequency. Reported area under the curve (AUC) values ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. A combined predictive model incorporating six caries predictors achieved an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.84).Conclusions Simplified predictive models for childhood caries showed moderate discriminatory performance but exhibited a high risk of bias, as assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Future research should adhere to PROBAST guidelines to minimise bias risk, focus on enhancing model quality, employ rigorous study designs and prioritise external validation to ensure reliable and generalisable clinical predictions.PROSPERO registration number CRD42024523284. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b477d602101e4763a87ddb950ee3bf51 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-b477d602101e4763a87ddb950ee3bf512025-08-20T03:02:07ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-03-0115310.1136/bmjopen-2024-088253Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysisPeng Zhang0Kang Li1Xijia Wang2Huifei Lu3Dandan Luo4Dunhui Yang5Shuqi Qiu6Haotao Zeng7Xianhai Zeng82 Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People`s Republic of China1 Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People`s Republic of China1 Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People`s Republic of China1 Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People`s Republic of China1 Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People`s Republic of China2 Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People`s Republic of China1 Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People`s Republic of China2 Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People`s Republic of China2 Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang E.N.T Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of E.N.T, Institute of E.N.T Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People`s Republic of ChinaObjective This study aimed to systematically evaluate published predictive models for dental caries in children and adolescents.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Data sources Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) and SinoMed for relevant studies published up to 18 January 2024. The search focused on caries prediction models in children and adolescents.Eligibility criteria Eligible studies included observational research (cohort, case–control and cross-sectional designs) that developed risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents aged ≤18 years. Each model was required to include a minimum of two predictors. Studies were excluded if they were not available in English or Chinese, primarily focused on oral microbiome modelling, or lacked essential details regarding study design, model construction or statistical analyses.Results A total of 11 studies were included in the review. All models demonstrated a high risk of bias, primarily due to inappropriate statistical methods and unclear applicability resulting from insufficiently detailed presentations of the models. Logistic regression, random forests and support vector machines were the most commonly employed methods. Frequently used predictors included fluoride toothpaste use and brushing frequency. Reported area under the curve (AUC) values ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. A combined predictive model incorporating six caries predictors achieved an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73 to 0.84).Conclusions Simplified predictive models for childhood caries showed moderate discriminatory performance but exhibited a high risk of bias, as assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Future research should adhere to PROBAST guidelines to minimise bias risk, focus on enhancing model quality, employ rigorous study designs and prioritise external validation to ensure reliable and generalisable clinical predictions.PROSPERO registration number CRD42024523284.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e088253.full |
| spellingShingle | Peng Zhang Kang Li Xijia Wang Huifei Lu Dandan Luo Dunhui Yang Shuqi Qiu Haotao Zeng Xianhai Zeng Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Open |
| title | Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | risk prediction models for dental caries in children and adolescents a systematic review and meta analysis |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e088253.full |
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