Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications
Abstract Reflective metalenses with multilayer substrates offer low-loss wavefront control in the LWIR range but remain underexplored and highly dependent on material choice. Here, we report a comprehensive numerical investigation into the design of LWIR reflective metalenses employing dielectric di...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09823-0 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849335236732649472 |
|---|---|
| author | Sani Mukhtar Jaime Viegas |
| author_facet | Sani Mukhtar Jaime Viegas |
| author_sort | Sani Mukhtar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Reflective metalenses with multilayer substrates offer low-loss wavefront control in the LWIR range but remain underexplored and highly dependent on material choice. Here, we report a comprehensive numerical investigation into the design of LWIR reflective metalenses employing dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) substrates composed of high-index semiconductors (Si, Ge, GaAs) and zinc-based dielectric compounds (ZnO, ZnSe, ZnS). We systematically evaluate nine DBR material combinations to assess their impact on the focusing efficiency, reflectivity, and focal spot characteristics. The designed metalens, with an aperture diameter of $$\:\sim1$$ $$\:\text{m}\text{m}$$ and a focal length of 0.7 $$\text{m}\text{m}$$ , operate at a design wavelength of $$\:10.6$$ $$\:\mu\text{m}$$ . All configurations achieve high reflectance $$\:(>\:90\%)$$ over a broad spectral range, with Si/ZnSe and GaAs/ZnO based designs exhibiting the highest focusing efficiencies of $$\:\sim83.5\%$$ and $$\:\sim82.7\%,$$ respectively, at Numerical Aperture (NA) $$\:\approx\:\:0.6$$ . All the examined configurations provide nearly complete $$0-2\pi$$ phase coverage, yielding diffraction-limited focal spot sizes ranging from $$\:\:0.96\lambda\:$$ to $$\:1.02\lambda$$ . We further analyze the impact of NA and metasurface unit cell periodicity ( $$P$$ ) on the lens performance, demonstrating that smaller unit cell periods improve phase discretization and optical response uniformity, while increasing NA results in tighter focal spots, with diminishing improvements near the diffraction limit. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b476c86c762f4fda8e83ef19273cc7b1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-b476c86c762f4fda8e83ef19273cc7b12025-08-20T03:45:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-09823-0Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applicationsSani Mukhtar0Jaime Viegas1Department of Electrical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and TechnologyAbstract Reflective metalenses with multilayer substrates offer low-loss wavefront control in the LWIR range but remain underexplored and highly dependent on material choice. Here, we report a comprehensive numerical investigation into the design of LWIR reflective metalenses employing dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) substrates composed of high-index semiconductors (Si, Ge, GaAs) and zinc-based dielectric compounds (ZnO, ZnSe, ZnS). We systematically evaluate nine DBR material combinations to assess their impact on the focusing efficiency, reflectivity, and focal spot characteristics. The designed metalens, with an aperture diameter of $$\:\sim1$$ $$\:\text{m}\text{m}$$ and a focal length of 0.7 $$\text{m}\text{m}$$ , operate at a design wavelength of $$\:10.6$$ $$\:\mu\text{m}$$ . All configurations achieve high reflectance $$\:(>\:90\%)$$ over a broad spectral range, with Si/ZnSe and GaAs/ZnO based designs exhibiting the highest focusing efficiencies of $$\:\sim83.5\%$$ and $$\:\sim82.7\%,$$ respectively, at Numerical Aperture (NA) $$\:\approx\:\:0.6$$ . All the examined configurations provide nearly complete $$0-2\pi$$ phase coverage, yielding diffraction-limited focal spot sizes ranging from $$\:\:0.96\lambda\:$$ to $$\:1.02\lambda$$ . We further analyze the impact of NA and metasurface unit cell periodicity ( $$P$$ ) on the lens performance, demonstrating that smaller unit cell periods improve phase discretization and optical response uniformity, while increasing NA results in tighter focal spots, with diminishing improvements near the diffraction limit.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09823-0MetasurfaceReflective metalensLong-wave infrared (LWIR)Focusing efficiencyCoupling effectsMaterial selection |
| spellingShingle | Sani Mukhtar Jaime Viegas Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications Scientific Reports Metasurface Reflective metalens Long-wave infrared (LWIR) Focusing efficiency Coupling effects Material selection |
| title | Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications |
| title_full | Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications |
| title_fullStr | Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications |
| title_short | Design and performance analysis of all-dielectric reflective, metalens for LWIR applications |
| title_sort | design and performance analysis of all dielectric reflective metalens for lwir applications |
| topic | Metasurface Reflective metalens Long-wave infrared (LWIR) Focusing efficiency Coupling effects Material selection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09823-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sanimukhtar designandperformanceanalysisofalldielectricreflectivemetalensforlwirapplications AT jaimeviegas designandperformanceanalysisofalldielectricreflectivemetalensforlwirapplications |