Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization

Nanoparticles represent a powerful class of materials for drug delivery, leveraging their small size for passive targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention effect in tumors. This universal approach in tumor targeting offers several advantages over free therapeutics, particularly when...

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Main Authors: Sarah Spiewok, Felicitas Jansen, Jiaying Han, Markus Lamla, Max von Delius, Christian Trautwein, Laura De Laporte, Alexander J. C. Kuehne
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-05-01
Series:Advanced NanoBiomed Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202400187
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author Sarah Spiewok
Felicitas Jansen
Jiaying Han
Markus Lamla
Max von Delius
Christian Trautwein
Laura De Laporte
Alexander J. C. Kuehne
author_facet Sarah Spiewok
Felicitas Jansen
Jiaying Han
Markus Lamla
Max von Delius
Christian Trautwein
Laura De Laporte
Alexander J. C. Kuehne
author_sort Sarah Spiewok
collection DOAJ
description Nanoparticles represent a powerful class of materials for drug delivery, leveraging their small size for passive targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention effect in tumors. This universal approach in tumor targeting offers several advantages over free therapeutics, particularly when combined with imaging capabilities. While a plethora of nanoparticles exist for various imaging techniques, the number of nanoparticles with therapeutic functions is much smaller, due to the synthetic challenges present for incorporation and release of an active drug. Herein, a strategy to transform the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib into a polymerizable prodrug monomer is presented, enabling its incorporation into biodegradable polyimidazole‐based particles. This drug monomer is then polymerized and thus incorporated into the nanoparticles via direct arylation in a dispersion polymerization approach. The polyimidazole backbone allows for high drug loads of up to 90 wt%. Additionally, the photoacoustic properties of the polyimidazole nanoparticles are preserved after drug incorporation. Moreover, the backbone remains degradable upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide, facilitating drug release. This approach enables packaging of a drug, for which no prodrug approaches exist and which is therefore challenging to incorporate into particles due to limited functional groups. The result is a new theranostic nanoagent.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2699-9307
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Wiley-VCH
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series Advanced NanoBiomed Research
spelling doaj-art-b47318d42f9c4ad68e1b6b145d0a063c2025-08-20T03:53:06ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced NanoBiomed Research2699-93072025-05-0155n/an/a10.1002/anbr.202400187Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion PolymerizationSarah Spiewok0Felicitas Jansen1Jiaying Han2Markus Lamla3Max von Delius4Christian Trautwein5Laura De Laporte6Alexander J. C. Kuehne7Institute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm GermanyInstitute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm GermanyInstitute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm GermanyInstitute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm GermanyInsitute of Organic Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm GermanyIfADo ‐ Leibniz Research Centre of Working Environment and Human Factors Ardeystr. 67 44139 Dortmund GermanyDWI–Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen GermanyInstitute of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm GermanyNanoparticles represent a powerful class of materials for drug delivery, leveraging their small size for passive targeting through the enhanced permeability and retention effect in tumors. This universal approach in tumor targeting offers several advantages over free therapeutics, particularly when combined with imaging capabilities. While a plethora of nanoparticles exist for various imaging techniques, the number of nanoparticles with therapeutic functions is much smaller, due to the synthetic challenges present for incorporation and release of an active drug. Herein, a strategy to transform the tyrosine kinase inhibitor lenvatinib into a polymerizable prodrug monomer is presented, enabling its incorporation into biodegradable polyimidazole‐based particles. This drug monomer is then polymerized and thus incorporated into the nanoparticles via direct arylation in a dispersion polymerization approach. The polyimidazole backbone allows for high drug loads of up to 90 wt%. Additionally, the photoacoustic properties of the polyimidazole nanoparticles are preserved after drug incorporation. Moreover, the backbone remains degradable upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide, facilitating drug release. This approach enables packaging of a drug, for which no prodrug approaches exist and which is therefore challenging to incorporate into particles due to limited functional groups. The result is a new theranostic nanoagent.https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202400187conjugated polymersdrug deliverieskinase inhibitorsphotoacoustic imagings
spellingShingle Sarah Spiewok
Felicitas Jansen
Jiaying Han
Markus Lamla
Max von Delius
Christian Trautwein
Laura De Laporte
Alexander J. C. Kuehne
Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization
Advanced NanoBiomed Research
conjugated polymers
drug deliveries
kinase inhibitors
photoacoustic imagings
title Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization
title_full Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization
title_fullStr Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization
title_full_unstemmed Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization
title_short Highly Loaded Reactive Oxygen Species–Responsive Theranostic Lenvatinib‐Prodrug Nanoparticles Produced by Dispersion Polymerization
title_sort highly loaded reactive oxygen species responsive theranostic lenvatinib prodrug nanoparticles produced by dispersion polymerization
topic conjugated polymers
drug deliveries
kinase inhibitors
photoacoustic imagings
url https://doi.org/10.1002/anbr.202400187
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