AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation

As Large Language Models (LLMs) incorporate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and complex machine learning algorithms, they have proven to be highly effective in assisting human users with complex professional tasks through natural language interaction. However, in addition to their current ca...

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Main Authors: Yao Yao, Horacio González-Vélez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4989
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author Yao Yao
Horacio González-Vélez
author_facet Yao Yao
Horacio González-Vélez
author_sort Yao Yao
collection DOAJ
description As Large Language Models (LLMs) incorporate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and complex machine learning algorithms, they have proven to be highly effective in assisting human users with complex professional tasks through natural language interaction. However, in addition to their current capabilities, LLMs occasionally generate responses that contain factual inaccuracies, stemming from their dependence on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. To avoid such inaccuracies, also known as hallucinations, people use domain-specific knowledge (expertise) to support LLMs in the corresponding task, but the necessary knowledge engineering process usually requires considerable manual effort from experts. In this paper, we developed an approach to leverage the collective strengths of multiple agents to automatically facilitate the knowledge engineering process and then use the learned knowledge and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines to optimize the performance of LLMs in domain-specific tasks. Through this approach, we effectively build AI assistants based on particular customized knowledge to help students better carry out personalized adaptive learning in digital transformation. Our initial tests demonstrated that integrating a Knowledge Graph (KG) within a RAG framework significantly improved the quality of domain-specific outputs generated by the LLMs. The results also revealed performance fluctuations for LLMs across varying contexts, underscoring the critical need for domain-specific knowledge support to enhance AI-driven adaptive learning systems.
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spelling doaj-art-b47228cc03544dc494d238b088e7617a2025-08-20T03:52:56ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01159498910.3390/app15094989AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital TransformationYao Yao0Horacio González-Vélez1National College of Ireland, D01 N6P6 Dublin, IrelandNational College of Ireland, D01 N6P6 Dublin, IrelandAs Large Language Models (LLMs) incorporate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) and complex machine learning algorithms, they have proven to be highly effective in assisting human users with complex professional tasks through natural language interaction. However, in addition to their current capabilities, LLMs occasionally generate responses that contain factual inaccuracies, stemming from their dependence on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. To avoid such inaccuracies, also known as hallucinations, people use domain-specific knowledge (expertise) to support LLMs in the corresponding task, but the necessary knowledge engineering process usually requires considerable manual effort from experts. In this paper, we developed an approach to leverage the collective strengths of multiple agents to automatically facilitate the knowledge engineering process and then use the learned knowledge and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines to optimize the performance of LLMs in domain-specific tasks. Through this approach, we effectively build AI assistants based on particular customized knowledge to help students better carry out personalized adaptive learning in digital transformation. Our initial tests demonstrated that integrating a Knowledge Graph (KG) within a RAG framework significantly improved the quality of domain-specific outputs generated by the LLMs. The results also revealed performance fluctuations for LLMs across varying contexts, underscoring the critical need for domain-specific knowledge support to enhance AI-driven adaptive learning systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4989large language modelspersonalized adaptive learningretrieval augmented generationmulti-agent systemdigital transformation
spellingShingle Yao Yao
Horacio González-Vélez
AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation
Applied Sciences
large language models
personalized adaptive learning
retrieval augmented generation
multi-agent system
digital transformation
title AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation
title_full AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation
title_fullStr AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation
title_full_unstemmed AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation
title_short AI-Powered System to Facilitate Personalized Adaptive Learning in Digital Transformation
title_sort ai powered system to facilitate personalized adaptive learning in digital transformation
topic large language models
personalized adaptive learning
retrieval augmented generation
multi-agent system
digital transformation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/9/4989
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