Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review

Smart agriculture has grown significantly over the last few years, particularly with the integration of advanced technologies (e.g., the Internet of Things, robots, artificial intelligence, etc.), leading to the development of intelligent agricultural systems. However, these systems often lack data...

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Main Authors: Rima Grati, Najla Fattouch, Khouloud Boukadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10973055/
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author Rima Grati
Najla Fattouch
Khouloud Boukadi
author_facet Rima Grati
Najla Fattouch
Khouloud Boukadi
author_sort Rima Grati
collection DOAJ
description Smart agriculture has grown significantly over the last few years, particularly with the integration of advanced technologies (e.g., the Internet of Things, robots, artificial intelligence, etc.), leading to the development of intelligent agricultural systems. However, these systems often lack data integration, interoperability, and semantic explainability. Various approaches have been proposed to address these challenges. This study provides a comprehensive literature review that addresses, on the one hand, the use of semantic resources (e.g., semantic web technologies and ontologies) to tackle data integration and interoperability in smart agriculture systems and, on the other hand, the integration of explainable artificial intelligence into smart agricultural systems. Furthermore, it aims to identify limitations in existing studies and explore potential avenues for future research. This research introduces key concepts related to smart agriculture, semantic resources, and explainable artificial intelligence. Subsequently, three clusters of studies are presented, including semantic resources for smart agriculture, leveraging the explainable artificial intelligence for smart agriculture, and the role of semantic resources in the explainable artificial intelligence-based agriculture systems. Lastly, the limitations of the semantic-based smart agriculture system are examined, along with potential future research areas.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-b46b293cbafd4e4f82c89471b2f3c5aa2025-08-20T03:52:25ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113728837290510.1109/ACCESS.2025.356320210973055Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature ReviewRima Grati0Najla Fattouch1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4468-4929Khouloud Boukadi2College of Technological Technology, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesMiracl Laboratory, FSEG Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, TunisiaMiracl Laboratory, FSEG Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, TunisiaSmart agriculture has grown significantly over the last few years, particularly with the integration of advanced technologies (e.g., the Internet of Things, robots, artificial intelligence, etc.), leading to the development of intelligent agricultural systems. However, these systems often lack data integration, interoperability, and semantic explainability. Various approaches have been proposed to address these challenges. This study provides a comprehensive literature review that addresses, on the one hand, the use of semantic resources (e.g., semantic web technologies and ontologies) to tackle data integration and interoperability in smart agriculture systems and, on the other hand, the integration of explainable artificial intelligence into smart agricultural systems. Furthermore, it aims to identify limitations in existing studies and explore potential avenues for future research. This research introduces key concepts related to smart agriculture, semantic resources, and explainable artificial intelligence. Subsequently, three clusters of studies are presented, including semantic resources for smart agriculture, leveraging the explainable artificial intelligence for smart agriculture, and the role of semantic resources in the explainable artificial intelligence-based agriculture systems. Lastly, the limitations of the semantic-based smart agriculture system are examined, along with potential future research areas.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10973055/Explainable AIontologiessemantic explainable AIsemantic resources
spellingShingle Rima Grati
Najla Fattouch
Khouloud Boukadi
Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review
IEEE Access
Explainable AI
ontologies
semantic explainable AI
semantic resources
title Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review
title_full Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review
title_fullStr Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review
title_full_unstemmed Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review
title_short Ontologies for Smart Agriculture: A Path Toward Explainable AI—A Systematic Literature Review
title_sort ontologies for smart agriculture a path toward explainable ai x2014 a systematic literature review
topic Explainable AI
ontologies
semantic explainable AI
semantic resources
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10973055/
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AT najlafattouch ontologiesforsmartagricultureapathtowardexplainableaix2014asystematicliteraturereview
AT khouloudboukadi ontologiesforsmartagricultureapathtowardexplainableaix2014asystematicliteraturereview