Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats

Fish are a valuable source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients, making them an integral component of a healthy diet. However, protein digestibility, influenced by preparation methods, is a critical factor in assessing nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of variou...

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Main Authors: Ivo Doskocil, Barbora Lampova, Petr Smid, Aneta Kopeć
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/12/2096
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author Ivo Doskocil
Barbora Lampova
Petr Smid
Aneta Kopeć
author_facet Ivo Doskocil
Barbora Lampova
Petr Smid
Aneta Kopeć
author_sort Ivo Doskocil
collection DOAJ
description Fish are a valuable source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients, making them an integral component of a healthy diet. However, protein digestibility, influenced by preparation methods, is a critical factor in assessing nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various thermal processing methods on the protein digestibility of two commonly consumed small pelagic fish species: sardines (<i>Sardina pilchardus)</i> and sprats (<i>Sprattus sprattus</i>). Protein digestibility was assessed using two complementary approaches: total protein digestibility and the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). Fish samples were subjected to different cooking methods, including boiling, steaming, baking, and frying. All thermal treatments enhanced protein digestibility compared to raw fish. Fried samples exhibited the highest total protein digestibility, with sardines reaching 92.4 ± 4.3% and sprats reaching 89.5 ± 4.4%. DIAAS values corroborated these findings, indicating superior protein quality in fried fish. While frying yielded the highest digestibility scores, steaming and boiling provided a favourable balance between improved protein quality and lower potential health risks, with baking achieving comparable results.
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spelling doaj-art-b4606ed5dadd4f33898decaa718c18a92025-08-20T03:24:33ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-06-011412209610.3390/foods14122096Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and SpratsIvo Doskocil0Barbora Lampova1Petr Smid2Aneta Kopeć3Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 122, 30-149 Krakow, PolandFish are a valuable source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients, making them an integral component of a healthy diet. However, protein digestibility, influenced by preparation methods, is a critical factor in assessing nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various thermal processing methods on the protein digestibility of two commonly consumed small pelagic fish species: sardines (<i>Sardina pilchardus)</i> and sprats (<i>Sprattus sprattus</i>). Protein digestibility was assessed using two complementary approaches: total protein digestibility and the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). Fish samples were subjected to different cooking methods, including boiling, steaming, baking, and frying. All thermal treatments enhanced protein digestibility compared to raw fish. Fried samples exhibited the highest total protein digestibility, with sardines reaching 92.4 ± 4.3% and sprats reaching 89.5 ± 4.4%. DIAAS values corroborated these findings, indicating superior protein quality in fried fish. While frying yielded the highest digestibility scores, steaming and boiling provided a favourable balance between improved protein quality and lower potential health risks, with baking achieving comparable results.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/12/2096culinary treatmentnutritionprotein contentprotein digestibilityDIAAS
spellingShingle Ivo Doskocil
Barbora Lampova
Petr Smid
Aneta Kopeć
Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats
Foods
culinary treatment
nutrition
protein content
protein digestibility
DIAAS
title Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats
title_full Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats
title_fullStr Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats
title_short Impact of Thermal Processing on the Protein Digestibility of Sardines and Sprats
title_sort impact of thermal processing on the protein digestibility of sardines and sprats
topic culinary treatment
nutrition
protein content
protein digestibility
DIAAS
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/12/2096
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AT barboralampova impactofthermalprocessingontheproteindigestibilityofsardinesandsprats
AT petrsmid impactofthermalprocessingontheproteindigestibilityofsardinesandsprats
AT anetakopec impactofthermalprocessingontheproteindigestibilityofsardinesandsprats