E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator

Abstract In the digital age, e-leadership has emerged as a critical driver of employee creativity, yet the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions remain underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between E-leadership and employee creativity by examining the mediating role o...

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Main Authors: Liang Zhao, Hao Chen, Yichao Sun, Maya Luo, Peng Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05131-9
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author Liang Zhao
Hao Chen
Yichao Sun
Maya Luo
Peng Gao
author_facet Liang Zhao
Hao Chen
Yichao Sun
Maya Luo
Peng Gao
author_sort Liang Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In the digital age, e-leadership has emerged as a critical driver of employee creativity, yet the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions remain underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between E-leadership and employee creativity by examining the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating influences of promotion and prevention regulatory foci. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey administered to 366 employees within China's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, and the data were analyzed using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping techniques. Results demonstrate that E-leadership influences creativity through multiple concurrent pathways: a direct positive effect (β = 0.28, p 0.01, accounting for 66.7% of total effect) and an indirect effect mediated through reduced emotional exhaustion (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.08, 0.21], representing 33.3% of total effect). These relationships are significantly moderated by regulatory focus, with promotion focus attenuating the negative association between E-leadership and emotional exhaustion (interaction β = 0.14, p = 0.01) and prevention focus exacerbating the detrimental impact of emotional exhaustion on creativity (interaction β = –0.20, p 0.01). These findings advance leadership theory by revealing how cognitive-motivational factors shape e-leadership effectiveness, with practical implications for mitigating burnout in technology-mediated work environments.
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spelling doaj-art-b45e568511f34ee7a75a98f4e07ac9c62025-08-20T03:03:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-05131-9E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderatorLiang Zhao0Hao Chen1Yichao Sun2Maya Luo3Peng Gao4School of Economics and Management, Beijing City UniversitySchool of Humanities and Management, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesSchool of Education, Beijing City UniversityAdmissions Office, Jiangsu Second Normal UniversityBusiness Administration School, Guangxi University of Finance and EconomicsAbstract In the digital age, e-leadership has emerged as a critical driver of employee creativity, yet the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions remain underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between E-leadership and employee creativity by examining the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and the moderating influences of promotion and prevention regulatory foci. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey administered to 366 employees within China's Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector, and the data were analyzed using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping techniques. Results demonstrate that E-leadership influences creativity through multiple concurrent pathways: a direct positive effect (β = 0.28, p 0.01, accounting for 66.7% of total effect) and an indirect effect mediated through reduced emotional exhaustion (β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.08, 0.21], representing 33.3% of total effect). These relationships are significantly moderated by regulatory focus, with promotion focus attenuating the negative association between E-leadership and emotional exhaustion (interaction β = 0.14, p = 0.01) and prevention focus exacerbating the detrimental impact of emotional exhaustion on creativity (interaction β = –0.20, p 0.01). These findings advance leadership theory by revealing how cognitive-motivational factors shape e-leadership effectiveness, with practical implications for mitigating burnout in technology-mediated work environments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05131-9E-leadershipEmployee creativityEmotional exhaustionPromoting regulatory focusPreventing regulatory focus
spellingShingle Liang Zhao
Hao Chen
Yichao Sun
Maya Luo
Peng Gao
E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
Scientific Reports
E-leadership
Employee creativity
Emotional exhaustion
Promoting regulatory focus
Preventing regulatory focus
title E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
title_full E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
title_fullStr E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
title_full_unstemmed E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
title_short E-leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
title_sort e leadership drives employee creativity through emotional exhaustion with regulatory focus as a moderator
topic E-leadership
Employee creativity
Emotional exhaustion
Promoting regulatory focus
Preventing regulatory focus
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05131-9
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