Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions

Abstract Video games frequently contain loot boxes, i.e. virtual in-game items sharing structural similarities with gambling. On YouTube©, there are multi-million subscriber channels prominently featuring loot box-related content. A gamblification of digital games may increase player engagement, and...

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Main Authors: Elke Smith, Yannik Poth, Kara S. Z. Sohns, Kai Kaspar, Jan Peters
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01482-5
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author Elke Smith
Yannik Poth
Kara S. Z. Sohns
Kai Kaspar
Jan Peters
author_facet Elke Smith
Yannik Poth
Kara S. Z. Sohns
Kai Kaspar
Jan Peters
author_sort Elke Smith
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Video games frequently contain loot boxes, i.e. virtual in-game items sharing structural similarities with gambling. On YouTube©, there are multi-million subscriber channels prominently featuring loot box-related content. A gamblification of digital games may increase player engagement, and we tested if user engagement on YouTube is linked to loot box content. We extracted aggregate user engagement measures from more than 22 thousand YouTube gaming videos with and without focused display of loot boxes. Principal component analysis was used to reduce dimensionality and derive components reflecting overall and sustained, and relative user engagement, respectively. Confirming our pre-registered hypothesis (see https://osf.io/nh7zr ), a significant effect of loot box content on the first principal component was found, reflecting higher overall and sustained user engagement for videos featuring loot box content. This increased engagement may be linked to the gambling-like properties of the reward structure conveyed by loot boxes. Publicly available user data may serve as an early indicator of potential changes in problematic internet use and gambling-related behaviour.
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spelling doaj-art-b40da4ff7e8341a9bf5c0a53b4c8635c2025-08-20T03:10:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-01482-5Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictionsElke Smith0Yannik Poth1Kara S. Z. Sohns2Kai Kaspar3Jan Peters4Department of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of CologneDepartment of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of CologneDepartment of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of CologneDepartment of Psychology, Social and Media Psychology, University of CologneDepartment of Psychology, Biological Psychology, University of CologneAbstract Video games frequently contain loot boxes, i.e. virtual in-game items sharing structural similarities with gambling. On YouTube©, there are multi-million subscriber channels prominently featuring loot box-related content. A gamblification of digital games may increase player engagement, and we tested if user engagement on YouTube is linked to loot box content. We extracted aggregate user engagement measures from more than 22 thousand YouTube gaming videos with and without focused display of loot boxes. Principal component analysis was used to reduce dimensionality and derive components reflecting overall and sustained, and relative user engagement, respectively. Confirming our pre-registered hypothesis (see https://osf.io/nh7zr ), a significant effect of loot box content on the first principal component was found, reflecting higher overall and sustained user engagement for videos featuring loot box content. This increased engagement may be linked to the gambling-like properties of the reward structure conveyed by loot boxes. Publicly available user data may serve as an early indicator of potential changes in problematic internet use and gambling-related behaviour.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01482-5Loot boxUser engagementYouTubeGamingGambling-like mechanismsGambling
spellingShingle Elke Smith
Yannik Poth
Kara S. Z. Sohns
Kai Kaspar
Jan Peters
Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
Scientific Reports
Loot box
User engagement
YouTube
Gaming
Gambling-like mechanisms
Gambling
title Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
title_full Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
title_fullStr Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
title_full_unstemmed Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
title_short Increased user engagement on YouTube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
title_sort increased user engagement on youtube for loot box content and its potential relevance for behavioural addictions
topic Loot box
User engagement
YouTube
Gaming
Gambling-like mechanisms
Gambling
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01482-5
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