Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems

All living systems display remarkable spatial and temporal precision, despite operating in intrinsically fluctuating environments. It is even more surprising given that biological phenomena are regulated by multiple chemical reactions that are also random. Although the underlying molecular mechanism...

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Main Authors: Anupam Mondal, Anatoly B. Kolomeisky
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Biophysical Reports
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667074725000023
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author Anupam Mondal
Anatoly B. Kolomeisky
author_facet Anupam Mondal
Anatoly B. Kolomeisky
author_sort Anupam Mondal
collection DOAJ
description All living systems display remarkable spatial and temporal precision, despite operating in intrinsically fluctuating environments. It is even more surprising given that biological phenomena are regulated by multiple chemical reactions that are also random. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of surprisingly high precision in biology remain not well understood, a novel theoretical picture that relies on the coupling of relevant stochastic processes has recently been proposed and applied to explain different phenomena. To illustrate this approach, in this review, we discuss two systems that exhibit precision control: spatial regulation in bacterial cell size and temporal regulation in the timing of cell lysis by λ bacteriophage. In cell-size regulation, it is argued that a balance between stochastic cell growth and cell division processes leads to a narrow distribution of cell sizes. In cell lysis, it is shown that precise timing is due to the coupling of holin protein accumulation and the breakage of the cellular membrane. The stochastic coupling framework also allows us to explicitly evaluate dynamic properties for both biological systems, eliminating the need to utilize the phenomenological concept of thresholds. Excellent agreement with experimental observations is observed, supporting the proposed theoretical ideas. These observations also suggest that the stochastic coupling method captures the important aspects of molecular mechanisms of precise cellular regulation, providing a powerful new tool for more advanced investigations of complex biological phenomena.
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spelling doaj-art-b3f91773c83a4ebeb488c8a86de33ce22025-02-11T04:35:33ZengElsevierBiophysical Reports2667-07472025-03-0151100197Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systemsAnupam Mondal0Anatoly B. Kolomeisky1Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TexasCenter for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas; Corresponding authorAll living systems display remarkable spatial and temporal precision, despite operating in intrinsically fluctuating environments. It is even more surprising given that biological phenomena are regulated by multiple chemical reactions that are also random. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms of surprisingly high precision in biology remain not well understood, a novel theoretical picture that relies on the coupling of relevant stochastic processes has recently been proposed and applied to explain different phenomena. To illustrate this approach, in this review, we discuss two systems that exhibit precision control: spatial regulation in bacterial cell size and temporal regulation in the timing of cell lysis by λ bacteriophage. In cell-size regulation, it is argued that a balance between stochastic cell growth and cell division processes leads to a narrow distribution of cell sizes. In cell lysis, it is shown that precise timing is due to the coupling of holin protein accumulation and the breakage of the cellular membrane. The stochastic coupling framework also allows us to explicitly evaluate dynamic properties for both biological systems, eliminating the need to utilize the phenomenological concept of thresholds. Excellent agreement with experimental observations is observed, supporting the proposed theoretical ideas. These observations also suggest that the stochastic coupling method captures the important aspects of molecular mechanisms of precise cellular regulation, providing a powerful new tool for more advanced investigations of complex biological phenomena.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667074725000023
spellingShingle Anupam Mondal
Anatoly B. Kolomeisky
Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
Biophysical Reports
title Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
title_full Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
title_fullStr Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
title_full_unstemmed Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
title_short Microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
title_sort microscopic origin of the spatial and temporal precision in biological systems
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667074725000023
work_keys_str_mv AT anupammondal microscopicoriginofthespatialandtemporalprecisioninbiologicalsystems
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