Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C?
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and “chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection” (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphism...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5878960 |
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| author | Silvia Martina Ferrari Poupak Fallahi Ilaria Ruffilli Giusy Elia Francesca Ragusa Sabrina Rosaria Paparo Armando Patrizio Valeria Mazzi Michele Colaci Dilia Giuggioli Clodoveo Ferri Alessandro Antonelli |
| author_facet | Silvia Martina Ferrari Poupak Fallahi Ilaria Ruffilli Giusy Elia Francesca Ragusa Sabrina Rosaria Paparo Armando Patrizio Valeria Mazzi Michele Colaci Dilia Giuggioli Clodoveo Ferri Alessandro Antonelli |
| author_sort | Silvia Martina Ferrari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and “chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection” (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) γ drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150 pg/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-α, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b3f0e8e4d69f4fdfa8e9bdb424dbe999 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b3f0e8e4d69f4fdfa8e9bdb424dbe9992025-08-20T03:20:51ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562019-01-01201910.1155/2019/58789605878960Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C?Silvia Martina Ferrari0Poupak Fallahi1Ilaria Ruffilli2Giusy Elia3Francesca Ragusa4Sabrina Rosaria Paparo5Armando Patrizio6Valeria Mazzi7Michele Colaci8Dilia Giuggioli9Clodoveo Ferri10Alessandro Antonelli11Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyInternal Medicine Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyRheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, ItalyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyChemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 and other CXCR3 chemokines are involved in the pathogenesis of acute and “chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection” (CHC). Here, we review the scientific literature about HCV and CXCL10. The combination of circulating CXCL10 and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-28B can identify patients with acute HCV infection most likely to undergo spontaneous HCV clearance and those in need of early antiviral therapy. In CHC, the HCV and intrahepatic interferon- (IFN-) γ drive a raised CXCL10 expression by sinusoidal endothelium and hepatocytes, thereby inducing the recruitment of CXCR3-expressing T cells into the liver; thus, CXCL10 plays an important role in the development of necroinflammation and fibrosis. Increased CXCL10 was significantly associated with the presence of active vasculitis in HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia, or with autoimmune thyroiditis in CHC. Pretreatment CXCL10 levels are predictive of early virological response and sustained virological response (SVR) to IFN-α and ribavirin and may be useful in the evaluation of candidates for therapy. The occurrence of SNPs adjacent to IL-28B (rs12979860, rs12980275, and rs8099917), and CXCL10 below 150 pg/mL, independently predicted the first phase viral decline and rapid virological response, which in turn independently predicted SVR. Directly acting antiviral agents-mediated clearance of HCV is associated with the loss of intrahepatic immune activation by IFN-α, associated by decreased levels of CXCL10. In conclusion, CXCL10 is an important marker of HCV clearance and successful therapy in CHC patients. Whether CXCL10 is a novel therapeutic target in CHC will be evaluated.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5878960 |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Martina Ferrari Poupak Fallahi Ilaria Ruffilli Giusy Elia Francesca Ragusa Sabrina Rosaria Paparo Armando Patrizio Valeria Mazzi Michele Colaci Dilia Giuggioli Clodoveo Ferri Alessandro Antonelli Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? |
| title_full | Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? |
| title_short | Immunomodulation of CXCL10 Secretion by Hepatitis C Virus: Could CXCL10 Be a Prognostic Marker of Chronic Hepatitis C? |
| title_sort | immunomodulation of cxcl10 secretion by hepatitis c virus could cxcl10 be a prognostic marker of chronic hepatitis c |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5878960 |
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